Archive for the Harassment Bullying etc Category

Bullying and Astronomy

Posted in Euclid, Harassment Bullying etc with tags , , , , , on December 15, 2023 by telescoper

Yesterday I gave a talk at the UK Euclid Consortium (EC) Meeting in London in my role as Chair of the ECDC (Euclid Consortium Diversity Committee). I didn’t actually go to London, but delivered my talk virtually (not without a few hiccups, but I won’t go into that). My presentation was just a short one, outlining some of the things the ECDC does and encouraging others to get involved. One of the matters arising was the EC Code of Conduct, which has recently been updated. This document covers work within the EC generally, as well as specific rules governing EC-sponsored events, such as the meeting I spoke at. Incidentally, one of the latter rules is that organizers should facilitate virtual attendance at meetings, which they clearly did for me yesterday!

Coincidentally, there was a news item in Nature today that reminded me of a post on this blog from a couple of years ago. That was when news first broke of a bullying scandal at the University of Lund, specifically in the historic Lund Observatory, home of the Astronomy Department. Two professors were involved, Sofia Feltzing and Melvyn Davies. As far as I understand the situation, both are still employed by the University, in the Department of Geology and the Department of Mathematics respectively.

The latest news from Lund is that in the aftermath of this scandal, the Astronomy Department has been closed and the staff previously in it subsumed into Physics. That’s a pretty drastic step. In my experience forced mergers of departments, though popular with autocratic managers, are usually counterproductive from the point of view of staff morale. Precisely what the closure of the Lund Observatory after 350 years is meant to achieve is beyond me, but I assume that the atmosphere there had become so toxic that the authorities couldn’t think of anything else to do.

This is a demonstration of something I’ve often said in talks about EDI work. When matters come to formal disciplinary process – if they ever do – the outcome is almost never satisfactory in any respect, not least because the outcomes are often concealed by Non-Disclosure Agreements. The only really hope of creating an inclusive workplace is to ensure that bullying and harassment don’t happen in the first place, or are snuffed out very early on. Early intervention, mediation and conflict resolution are far more likely to provide a successful outcome than formal processes. The problem is that junior members of a department, who are most likely to be the target of bullying, do not feel empowered to make a complaint until it’s too late.

A binding Code of Conduct is one thing, but in order to work it has to be able to be enforced. That is why I agree with the approach suggested by the 21 Group, namely that there should be independent investigators for such matters whose conclusions are binding.

The 21 Group – Update

Posted in Harassment Bullying etc with tags , , , on November 2, 2023 by telescoper

You may have read last week (26th October) a guest post on this blog by Wyn Evans about the launch of the 21Group:

Following this post, the launch of this group has now been covered by the Times Higher

https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/bullying-support-network-launched-due-universities-inaction

and Nature

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03418-3

I’ll update this post with further relevant links if and when I find them; you can also follow the campaign on the 21Group blog.

I very much hope this initiative succeeds in its aims, though it has powerful reactionary forces arrayed against it.

In other news, I’m told that the University of Manchester has blocked access to the 21group website by staff through centrally-managed devices. This may be inadvertent, but if it’s deliberate then it is both sinister and stupid.

The 21 Group – Guest Post by Wyn Evans

Posted in Harassment Bullying etc with tags , , , , , on October 26, 2023 by telescoper

Here’s an important piece by Professor Wyn Evans of Cambridge University relating to the theme of harassment and bullying which I’ve returned to several times on this blog. I strongly support the creation of the 21 Group and agree with the recommendations made in the post below. Indeed, I have myself made a similar suggestion in the context of sexual harassment that the people involved in investigations of such cases…

…should not be employees of the university in question, as they would come under pressure to hush things up – which clearly happens now. It seems to me that far too many institutions prioritize limiting reputational damage over doing the right thing for their staff and students.

https://telescoper.blog/2019/06/12/investigating-sexual-harassment-in-universities/

Now over to Wyn.

—o—

My article on Whistleblowing in the UK Universities is in The Times Higher Education Supplement this week:

https://www.timeshighereducation.com/opinion/investigating-serious-abuses-must-be-taken-out-universities-hands

Whistleblowing is ineffective in the UK Universities. There is no protection for whistleblowers. Any whistleblowing investigation is run by the university without properly independent scrutiny.

Self-directed investigations make no sense in an organisation in which poor behaviour has been tolerated for a long time. We have seen this in the scandals in the Post Office, in the NHS and in the Metropolitan Police.

The Universities are no exception. Organisations that investigate themselves exonerate themselves. They look for rugs enormous enough to sweep everything under.

Universities need an independent Ombudsman to look into serious complaints.

This already exists for complaints by undergraduates. It is the Office of the  Independent Adjudicator for Higher Education.

https://www.oiahe.org.uk

If a student or a former student is dissatisfied with the handling of a matter by a University, then they can appeal to the independent adjudicator.

Postgraduate students and university staff do not have any such rights. We are regarded as ‘service providers’ rather than ‘paying customers’ in the monetized world of higher education.

Vice chancellors and senior managers from Cambridge to Maynooth pontificate that world-class universities are about ‘the people’. That’s where it ends. Senior management are indifferent as to whether the people in universities do actually work in an environment that promotes respect, dignity, safety and equality.

Pressure groups are needed to drive organisational and cultural change in the UK Universities.

So, we have founded the 21 Group

Our name derives from the fact that in a staff survey, 21% of employees at the University of Cambridge reported that they had been subjected to bullying or harassment in the workplace.

https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/jan/07/third-cambridge-university-staff-experienced-bullying

The 21 Group operates nationally and offers support for staff in UK universities who are experiencing bullying, victimisation and harassment in the workplace. Amongst other things, we are running a national survey of bullying in the UK Universities.

Sadly, we have nothing to be proud of in astronomy. The only systematic survey of UK astronomy was carried out by the Royal Astronomical Society in 2020-2021. They obtained responses from over 650 people.

44% of respondents had suffered bullying and harassment in the workplace within the last year.

https://ras.ac.uk/news-and-press/news/survey-finds-bullying-and-harassment-systemic-astronomy-and-geophysics

A figure of 44% is grotesque. It is almost a half of all respondents.

The Royal Astronomical Society deserves full credit for conducting the survey and publishing the results. What is sad is that the UK astronomical community has not made any discernible efforts to improve matters since its publication in 2021.

Bullying: How to Survive (a Guest Post by Wyn Evans)

Posted in Harassment Bullying etc with tags , , , , on August 30, 2023 by telescoper

Professor Wyn Evans is in the Institute of Astronomy at the University of Cambridge.

–0–

My article on Bullying in the UK Universities is in The Times Higher Education Supplement this week.  

https://www.timeshighereducation.com/opinion/bullying-feature-uk-research-universities-not-bug

It is a bleak assessment. If you are being bullied or harassed, either move University or get a lawyer. If you can’t afford a lawyer, join a trade union who will supply you with a lawyer.  

Whatever you do, don’t pin your hopes on your University’s shallow pretence of a grievance procedure. 

Three years ago, Unite, UNISON and UCU carried out an investigation into bullying at Cambridge University. The survey found nearly one in three had either been the victims of bullying and victimisation or had witnessed it in the previous 18 months.  

Over half thought there was no point in reporting it, as either nothing would be done or the perpetrator would retaliate. It is a grim reckoning, but all too realistic. 

Whilst preparing my article for THES, I came across an earlier, shocking article by Prof Athene Donald in The Guardian

Prof Donald describes an incident in her career when she was already a senior Professor. The title says it all: “I reported harassment and was silenced – and I’m a senior academic”. 

Though this incident occurred some time ago, nothing much seems to have changed at Cambridge University. 

If someone like Prof Athene Donald DBE, FRS and Master of Churchill cannot get the system to work, then a postdoc or a graduate student will certainly not. And a member of the professional services support staff will have zero chance. 

Prof Donald has diagnosed the problem accurately. 

“Likewise, if direction from the top suggests that the complainant is more expendable than the accused, there may be a subliminal steer towards finding in favour of the latter. It is too easy to conclude that the evidence is not strong enough to prove anything definitively, and the professor lives to bully the student another day” 

The bully is normally much more valuable to the University than the victim. 

In UK Universities, allegations are usually investigated by Human Resources departments. They are not even at arm’s length from senior management. They are readily susceptible to the “subliminal steer”.  

It may not even be subliminal. 

The default of all organisations is to protect themselves. If they are allowed to investigate wrongdoing themselves, they will seek to mitigate any negative outcome by casting the organisation in the most favourable light possible.  

It is no surprise that the Countess of Chester Hospital and the British Museum — two scandal-hit institutions in the news this week — carried out investigations that exonerated themselves. 

Bullying or harassment is thus much better dealt with by an independent body with real power — a University Ombudsman — who can genuinely assess any wrongdoing, even by senior people (they are usually the bullies).  

Changes to the IAU Code of Conduct on Harassment

Posted in Harassment Bullying etc with tags , , on August 18, 2023 by telescoper

An email was sent on Wednesday from the President of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), Debra Elmegreen, to all members of that organization (which includes me). Part of that email has caused a considerable negative reaction among astronomers on social media, so I’m taking the liberty of posting the offending section here and commenting on it below.

This is what sparked the reaction:

The Executive Committee modified further details in the Code of Conduct. On p. 6 in the Harassment Policy, a link is given to UN definitions of harassment in different countries.

The most substantive change is on p. 7: “It is a form of harassment to physically or verbally abuse or discriminate against alleged offenders of IAU’s policies, or if such policies are found to have been breached, inflict (or pressure others to inflict) punishments besides those officially sanctioned. In addition, the physical or verbal abuse or discrimination of those who work or have worked with the alleged or sanctioned perpetrator, simply because of their scientific collaboration, is also a form of harassment and as such is covered by this policy.”

(I’ve added the link to the full code of conduct myself).

The first point to make is that the Code of Conduct here can and does apply only to specific IAU activities and meetings, which strictly limits its scope. It is mostly about behaviour during meetings, in fact. I also think much of the reaction to this change has resulted from reading that paragraph in isolation. It does make more sense when read in the context of the whole document. In particular, the paragraph alone says little about other victims of harassment but that is covered in the rest of the document, which runs to 13 pages.

Now to the amended text.

I think everyone agrees that physical or verbal abuse should never be condoned, but (a) that is covered by the Code of Conduct generally so there is no need to repeat it here, and (b) the addition of the word “discriminate” here is troublesome because it is so vague. The first sentence treats those against whom allegations have been made and those against allegations have been upheld in exactly the same way. I think that is fine for the “physically or verbally abuse” part, but extending it to “discriminate” is deeply problematic, depending on how one interprets the word. Is it now harassment for the organizers of a meeting to fail to invite to a meeting someone who has a track-record of sexual harassment? Or for a victim of harassment to refuse to work with a known harasser? Is it not up to individuals to decide with whom they want to work? Should anyone be immune from criticism of their choices?

One could take the view that anyone against whom serious allegations have been upheld should not be welcome at IAU meetings, and probably no longer be a member of the organization, so this situation should not arise within the scope of the Code of Conduct:

The IAU Executive Committee may decide on further disciplinary action for repeat or serious
offenders, such as being banned from participating in future IAU meetings or other IAU related
activities for a period of time, or even having the offender’s IAU membership revoked in
serious cases.

IUA Code of Conduct, p 10.

This of course depends on the interpretation of what “serious” means. Aren’t all examples of harassment to be taken seriously?

In any case I’m bound to say that if I were expelled from the IAU, it would have precisely zero effect on my life, career, or anything else.

The next clause is even worse: apparently it is harassment to “inflict (or pressure others to inflict) punishments besides those officially sanctioned.” Suppose then that a victim of harassment tries to take disciplinary action against the perpetrator through a mechanism outside the IAU (i.e. through the harasser’s employer). Is the victim then guilty of harassment? If a victim of harassment informs an early career researcher about their potential PI’s past behaviour, is that “pressure”?

The second sentence must have been introduced to protect those who may have experienced negative reactions as a result of working with a known harasser; an example testimony of such alleged “guilt by association” is given here; though see here for another view of the same event. Bearing in mind that early career researchers often have no choice with whom they work anyway, this change has some sense to it though one can hardly expect a decision to work with someone with a track-record of bad behaviour to pass without comment from people who have been victims of such behaviour.

My overall reaction to this change, giving the benefit of the doubt to its creators, is that it is badly worded and so muddled that it gives the impression of treating a history of harassment as a protected characteristic which cannot be the intention. I’d suggest getting someone with legal competence to rewrite this part of the changed policy. I’d also encourage other IAU members to write directly to the President if they feel strongly about this change.

P.S. On a procedural point, note that the preamble to the amendment quoted above states “The Executive Committee modified further details in the Code of Conduct.” Such a change is not within the scope of the Executive Committee as defined by the IAU Statutes. Statute 18:

The Officers of the Union are the President, the General Secretary, the President-Elect, and the Assistant General Secretary. The Officers decide short-term policy issues within the general policies of the Union as decided by the General Assembly and interpreted by the Executive Committee.

IAU Statute 18

So it is the job of the Executive Committee to interpret policies, not to create them. I think we need to know who changed what and for what purpose.

Update: An email in response to the criticism has been sent out by IAU President, Debra Elmegreen. It’s not very satisfactory, but at least it includes: “We… will consider suggestions for improved wording to the Code of Conduct to clarify possible misunderstandings”.

Another Update: Physics World has run a story on this (which links to this post).

The Challenges of Large Collaborations in STEM

Posted in Biographical, Harassment Bullying etc, Mental Health with tags , , , , , on August 12, 2023 by telescoper

There’s a new paper on the arXiv by Kamiel Janssens and Michiko Ueda that addresses some of the challenges that arise for people working in large STEM collaborations. Although the sample they use is drawn from gravitational-wave collaborations I think many of the patterns that emerge will also apply elsewhere, e.g. in the Euclid Consortium.

Here is the abstract:

Large-scale international scientific collaborations are increasingly common in the field of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). However, little is known about the well-being of the members participating in these `big science’ collaborations, which can present unique challenges due to the scale of their work. We conducted a survey among members of three large, international collaborations in the field of gravitational-wave astrophysics in the summer of 2021. Our objective was to investigate how career stage, job insecurity and minority status are associated with reported levels of depressive symptoms as well as the desire to leave academia. We found that early-career scientists and certain minoritized groups reported significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms compared to senior members or those who do not consider themselves as a member of minoritized groups. Furthermore, relatively young members, staff scientists/engineers, and those experiencing high levels of job insecurity and lack of recognition were more likely to frequently consider leaving academia. Our findings suggest that improving recognition for personal contributions to collaborative work and providing clearer job perspectives could be two key factors in enhancing the well-being of young scientists and reducing the potential outflow from academia.

arXiv:2308.05107

I would like to add a personal note. When I was an early-career researcher in cosmology I was for the most part given a free hand to work on whatever I wanted to do. My first papers were either sole author or with one or two others, being people I’d met and wanted to collaborate with. Nowadays many opportunities – indeed, most – for postdocs are associated with very large teams into which one just has to fit. The work is also highly directed with little choice of what to do, and it is harder to individuals to shine even if the team is well managed, and not all senior scientists in such collaborations have good leadership skills. Theoretical astrophysics is challenging enough but sometimes the really difficult thing is the behaviour of other people!

I’m not saying that this way of working is necessarily bad, just that it is very different from what I experienced. It does not therefore surprise me to hear that many, especially younger, people struggle in the current environment and why it is important for large collaborations to do the best they can to help. I think part of that involves us oldies recognizing that things are very different now from what they were like back in our day.

Guest Post: Update from Hannelore

Posted in Harassment Bullying etc with tags , on July 20, 2023 by telescoper

Last November, I published an anonymous guest post entitled The Bullying of Hannelore by a Professor of Astronomy, recounting the bullying of a member of administrative staff (referred to pseudonymously as Hannelore) in an Astronomy Department in the UK. That was subsequently followed by a post giving Hannelore’s own side of the story. This post, again from Hannelore herself, is an update showing that an already shocking story is getting worse as time goes on.

As before, all the names have been changed and the institution is not identified. Among other features of the response to the previous posts, it was remarkable how many people from different institutions inferred that they were about their own institution, which strongly suggests that bullying of the sort described is endemic in UK universities.

Update from Hannelore

Hannelore has been bullied by her Head of Department. The evidence is overwhelming. Those aware of it are shocked by the cruelty of her treatment. Meanwhile careful information management, also known as confidentiality, ensures the belief is upheld that “there is another side to the story” while the full story is never told.

Before being set upon Hannelore was a popular member of her department, known for reliability and competence, and for going above and beyond to support others.

A helpful HR person proposed that she summarise her concerns about the director’s behaviour informally, in writing. Since Hannelore was afraid of raising a grievance of her own, they were included into someone else’s – which was itself investigated under the wrong policy. The helpful HR person had been busy setting up an independent investigation, i.e. one in which she herself became a witness while discussing with others the potential application of a forthcoming investigation report.

The report was duly delivered. There was no substance to Hannelore’s concerns, but instead of malice, it was the strength of her perceptions and the veracity of her feelings which were cited as their cause. Hannelore could not now be punished for unfounded allegations, at least not in accordance with the University’s Dignity at Work policy.

But the director saw it differently, proposing a catalogue of retaliatory measures, associated instead with the veracity of Hannelore’s feelings – another word for her mental health. There was now evidence, in a report, which the director delighted in sharing with others, that the formerly trustworthy Hannelore was in fact a risk to others, as well as to herself.

A redundancy notice swiftly followed. There was no bandwidth in the department to address the issues identified in the report. The director spoke of “zeroing out” the grant funding her, while the helpful HR person mused that Hannelore’s role surely would be taken over by another institution…

 

The whistle was blown at the abuse. Appalled colleagues intervened, where HR and senior management had failed. A protected disclosure was made, on the grounds of health and safety. Within hours of Hannelore’s funding finally signed off, the three senior professors who had assisted her became the victims of a string of vicious allegations, 18 of them in total, all made by the director and ranging from falsifying documentation to misusing Hannelore’s distress as a means of alleging inappropriate behaviour on his part.


The 18 allegations were taken most seriously. Not entertaining the possibility of error or even exaggeration, the helpful HR person suggested immediate escalation to a formal investigation.
A year-long process, conducted by an expensive barrister, enabled the director to finish his term, but failed to extract a single shred of evidence to substantiate any of his 18 extremely serious claims. In the meantime, Hannelore’s colleagues remained accused, potential bullies waiting to be cleared of fictitious wrongdoing.

 

In tandem, the same investigator had also examined the bullying of Hannelore. Here, there was no shortage of evidence. It was all the more unfortunate, therefore that the terms of reference, drawn up by the helpful HR person, didn’t quite capture the substance of the investigation conclusions: It was not Hannelore who had been viciously bullied, but her colleague, a senior professor coerced by the director into giving up most of his grants, to one of the director’s friends, including eventually the one funding Hannelore. Ignominious behaviour was indeed reported and evidenced. The damage done to Hannelore was recognized – but only as collateral damage. So, there would be no case to answer, the “responsible” person concluded in carefully drafted words.

As to the 18 grotesque allegations which were made against Hannelore’s colleagues, some identified by a High Court judge as properly defamatory, they were minimized, summarized, and repackaged into another set of aptly drafted terms of reference, to form the premise to the investigation conclusion.


In somewhat patchy English it was communicated to Hannelore’s colleagues that the lack of substance in the 18 very serious allegations was unfortunate, and that consequently the allegations, at least those which were investigated, would not be upheld. A surely most fortunate conclusion, given the gravity of the alleged conduct.

As to disciplining the accuser, a little more wordsmithing had seen to that, at the expense of common sense: the concept of malicious, as defined by the Dignity at Work policy – unfortunately – did not allow for it to be matched to the making of unfounded allegations of a very serious nature… Not even an apology would be required.

More outcome letters were signed and sent by senior management, adding insult to the injury already suffered by their former colleagues and fellow academics – with HR looking on, ready to assist with more helpful process, more helpful advice, and more helpful drafts, to manage the undignified environment they contribute to create.


And so, the artifices of process and policy, used and abused in a court-inspired pantomime turn an academic institution into a theatre of the absurd. Helpfully drafted conclusions, which are no longer their own, enable its most senior people to be “responsible” without accountability for the judgement they make, and to argue unashamedly that the implausible is indeed plausible, the indefensible defensible, and the institution’s values a thing of the past.

NAM Plenarius

Posted in Biographical, Cardiff, Harassment Bullying etc with tags , , , on July 5, 2023 by telescoper
Picture by Renée Hložek

Today I contributed to a Plenary session at the UK National Astronomy Meeting in Cardiff, in the form of a a joint presentation by myself and the wonderful Dr Tana Joseph. It isn’t the first time that there’s been a talk about Equality Diversity and Inclusion at a NAM – there was one in 2017 – but it’s definitely the first one I have done. I wasn’t sure how it would go, but in the end I think it went pretty well.

The word “Plenary”, by the way, is derived from the Latin adjective plenarius (meaning complete) which is in turn derived from plenus (meaning full). I wasn’t sure ahead of the event how full the room would be, as I worried that some people wouldn’t attend this and might leave after the previous plenary talk. Some people did leave at the start, actually, but fortunately they were replaced by a a larger number of new arrivals.

There have been parallel sessions yesterday and the day before on EDI issues, but there’s a tendency for the people attending such sessions to those who are already engaged in related work, while it is important in my opinion for everyone to pay attention. That’s a point I tried to make during the session.

Tana and I agreed beforehand that we would try to stimulate a discussion and I did worry that we might not succeed in provoking questions, but in fact there were many. That, and the nice comments we got after the talk, convinced me that the session had gone well. I was, however, quite nervous as I haven’t given any kind of conference talk for some years now.

One problem was that a meeting of RAS Council was timetabled in such a way as to clash with this morning’s Plenary, so nobody on Council could attend. That was regrettable.

Anyway, that job done, I’m now back at my hotel getting myself ready for the conference dinner. That reminds me that last night I attended the out-of-town dinner of the RAS Club which is usually held at National Astronomy Meetings. This time it was at the Ivy Restaurant in Cardiff. I took my chequebook to pay for the dinner (which is practically the only thing I pay for by cheque) only to discover that they now accept card payments. Looking at the stubs, though, I realized that the last Club Dinner I attended at the Athenaeum in London was on 14th February 2020. The dinner after that was cancelled due to the pandemic, and I haven’t been able to attend any since then.

Update: dinner (in the Principality Stadium) was really excellent, and congratulations to all the award winners. And so to bed.

Calling out Entitlement

Posted in Harassment Bullying etc, Science Politics with tags , , , on July 4, 2023 by telescoper

Looking around for topical material beyond Euclid to include in tomorrow’s plenary presentation at the National Astronomy Meeting in Cardiff in the session on Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in Astronomy and Geophysics I came across a story about Nobel Laureate Kurt Wüthrich.

Professor Kurt Wüthrich gave a talk at the Lindau Meeting last week during which he claimed there was anti-male discrimination in modern science. I have uncovered further relevant evidence. Here is a picture of four old white men from the same meeting being discriminated against by being forced to participate in a panel consisting entirely of old white men:

Setting aside Kurt Wüthrich’s ridiculously elevated sense of entitlement, the really serious issue is that it was a (female) early career researcher that called him out. One point that I want to make tomorrow is that those of us who are old white men have a vitally important role to play in calling out this sort of nonsense. More generally, whatever your scientific status it is important for you to ask yourself “what can I do to make the research environment as good as possible for people who are not like me?”.

Direct Action from Brazil

Posted in Harassment Bullying etc with tags , , , on June 29, 2023 by telescoper

This blog gets traffic from all round the world, but not often that much from Brazil. When I checked the stats this morning, however, I noticed there were quite a few hits from that direction. It’s been a very busy day, though and, though I vaguely wondered why, I was too busy today to think much about it. This evening, however, I learnt the reason. It seems that there was a demonstration by about 100 students and staff at the University of São Paulo against the appointment of a person to a faculty position in the Physics Department. Here is a poster:

“We don’t want professors involved in harassment cases at the University of São Paulo Physics Institute”

Here are some other pictures from the protest:

I understand that the demonstration resulted in the appointment of the person concerned being delayed until the “harassment case” is investigated. This seems to demonstrate that Direct Action, as they call this sort of thing, certainly seems to be a more effective approach to these matters than official procedures that rarely achieve anything.