Composition Derived from the Equation
with Green, Orange, Violet (Black) by Georges Vantongerloo (1930, Oil on Canvas, 119.4 x 68.2 cm, Guggenheim Museum, New York)
I leave it as an exercise to the reader to determine how this painting is derived from the stated equation.
Yesterday I was going through the “onboarding” process via Zoom with two new Editors at the Open Journal of Astrophysics (OJAp) when one of them mentioned a recent policy decision at the USA which means we’ll probably get even more papers submitted from there. I wasn’t aware of the decision, but there’s an article in the Times Higher about it here.
In a nutshell:
Under proposed rule changes published by the Office of Management and Budget, all journal publication costs – “including page charges, article processing charges (APCs), or similar fees such as open access fees for professional journal publications and other peer-reviewed publications” – will become “unallowable under federal awards”.
It is important to stress that at this stage the change is proposed rather than actual and it remains to be seen whether it will stand. I think it should because publication fees, article processing charges or whatever you call them are a complete waste of money.
The Times Higher article frames this as “Trump’s ban on paying open access fees”. I was worried to be finding myself in agreement with Donald Trump on anything, but I very much doubt that Trump himself knows anything about scientific publishing or has had much of a hand in this decision. It seems to me to be eminently sensible to ensure that funds meant to be directed at research are not frittered away on page charges. If I were involved in running a research institution I would make it a disciplinary offence to spend money on publication fees.
Of course the academic publishing industry is upset about the proposal claiming that scientific publishing is “high cost”, which it is but only because the publishers rake in huge profits. The way forward, as I have argued many times (e.g. here), is Diamond Open Access, a exemplified by OJAp. The marginal cost per paper article published for OJAp is just $10 and we have at least as much impact as the other leading journals in astrophysics.
I have been surprised how many researchers from the USA are already using OJAp, including many from top institutions such as Harvard, Caltech, Princeton and Chicago. The surprise is basically that authors from the USA have for many years been used to paying page charges for publishing in the Astrophysical Journal and others from the AAS stable. This was the case even before digital journals came on the scene and well before the Open Access movement. I suppose American authors put up with page charges because they felt they had to, but that is no longer the case.
Will we get even more submissions from the USA as a result of this policy change? We’ll just have to wait and see…
P.S. This morning I published the 600th paper at the Open Journal of Astrophysics.
More very sad news. Kevin Keegan (left) has passed away from cancer at the age of 75. He made his reputation at Liverpool, and in Germany, but I remember him best as a player and captain of the Newcastle United team that got promotion to the (then) First Division in 1984. At that time I was a student at Cambridge and member of the local branch of the NUFC Supporters’ Club so I got to see him play quite a few times. Keegan retired from playing at the end of that season and bid an emotional farewell from St James’s Park after the final game against Brighton.
Kevin Keegan was an attacking midfielder who usually operated in the inside-right position. Very good on the ball and an excellent finisher, he was also surprisingly effective in the air. I say “surprisingly” because he wasn’t a very big man, around 5 foot 8 inches tall. After moving to Hamburg he was named European Footballer of Year for two successive years (1978 and 1979). It was quite unusual in those days for English footballers to play on the continent, but Keegan seems to have thrived there.
Later on, in 1992, he rejoined Newcastle United as manager and brought them to promotion to the Premier League. They team led for most of the 1995/6 season but ended up in second place. He had assembled a wonderful group of attacking players but the team’s defensive frailties cost them the title. Keegan had a rather fragile character, and the strain obviously got to him and thence to the players. He was never a great tactical manager – my Dad said Keegan was more of a mascot than a manager – but that team played some great football. Was that really 30 years ago?
On a more personal note, in the 1990s, my Mum was working at a school for physically handicapped children in Newcastle. One day they were visited by Kevin Keegan and some of the Newcastle players. Such PR trips were not uncommon and the staff didn’t think much of them. She didn’t care for footballers in general, but told me that Keegan was very different from most of the other visitors they got. He ignored the photographers aand the formal itinerary and just went to sit on the floor chatting with the kids around him. I never met him in person but it seems he was a genuinely nice man in private life.
P.S. Though he was born in Doncaster, “Keegan” is an Irish name. His paternal grandfather was born in Ireland and moved to Newcastle to work as a miner. He could therefore have played for Ireland rather than England.
We come to it at last. Today is the day of the greatest sporting event of the year, the day we have been waiting for, the event that the eyes of the world will be trained upon. I refer of course to the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final which takes place this afternoon at Croke Park in Dublin. Throw-in is at 3.30pm.
I’d love to experience the atmosphere of an All-Ireland final in person but it’s an impossible task to get tickets so I’ll be watching the match on TV. Here in Maynooth we get a sample however as many supporters park their cars at the GAA ground in Maynooth and take the train to Drumcondra, which is close to Croke Park. The town will be filled with fans in the green of Limerick or the maroon-and-white of Galway. There will probably more of the latter, as Maynooth is on the direct route from Galway into Dublin. The All-Ireland Final is every bit as big as the FA Cup Final used to be when I was a kid.
I was a little concerned that the Final would be played in sweltering temperatures, but it is a bit cooler today though still sunny. No rain is forecast, but the temperature will be around 21ºC with light northerly winds of about 8km/h. Close to ideal conditions, I’d say.
The bookies have Limerick strong favourites at 1/2 with Galway 5/2, but you should bear in mind that last year Cork were strong favourites, but lost to Tipperary after a stunning second-half turnaround. Holders Tipperary had a poor season this time around and didn’t make it to the knockout stages. Cork were beaten by Galway in a semi-final this year. A peculiarity of the Hurling Championship is that Galway, which is in Connacht, play in the Leinster division (because there isn’t enough competition in Connacht). Just few years ago Limerick were invincible, winning four consecutive All-Ireland finals (2020-3) but faded a bit more recently. Can they return to winning ways? We’ll see. I’ll update at half-time and full-time.
Half-Time Update: Galway 0-08 Limerick 0-13. A low-scoring game so far, with Limerick starting to exert control as half-time approached. The bad news for Galway is that they have only 2 points from play and that Limerick were playing into the wind in the first half…
Full-Time Update: Galway 1-18 Limerick 1-29. Limerick are the All-Ireland Champions! A convincing win for Limerick, who pulled away in the second half and won comfortably. Galway’s goal was scored from a penalty right at the end so was a mere consolation. The result is a repeat of the 2018 final and Limerick have now won six of the last nine All-Ireland titles.
P.S. I believe there’s some football on later too.
Update: the World Cup final was truly dreadful but the better team won in the end. No credit to Argentina for their behaviour during and after the game either.
A couple of months ago I did a post about the Guardian’s list of what it deemed to be the 100 best novels of all time. One book on that list was Pedro Páramo by Juan Rulfo. I’d never heard of it before, and was delighted to receive a gift of it (and relieved that it was an English translation from the original Spanish). I’ve just finished reading it.
The story, set in Mexico, begins with a character called Juan Preciado, who promises to his mother on her deathbed that he will travel to a place called Comala to find his father, whom he has never met before. The book begins with a conventional first-person narrative by Preciado about his journey, but soon dissolves when he reaches his destination into complex fragments told in different voices. Thereafter the tale resolves itself into a series of conversations and encounters, but the precise sequence of these is difficult to discern. For instance, about halfway through the book we discover that everything that has happened is actually a flashback to much earlier events. We never find out whether the events depicted are memories or hallucinations nor whether the characters are alive or dead. It’s as if Preciado has wandered into two parallel versions of Comala, one populated by the living and one by ghosts. The original narrator himself dies but then carries on the narration as a ghost.
This is a highly original and deeply mysterious novel. Very little in this book is what it seems at first reading. It’s only 123 pages long (in the Edition I have), but it took me quite a while for me to find a path through the labyrinth, and even then I found much of it unfathomable, but I think that is precisely what it is supposed to be.
P.S. The Edition I have has a foreword by Gabriel García Márquez, who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1982, who cites Rulfo as an inspiration. It’s been a long time since I read his masterpiece One Hundred Years of Solitude but I remember it well enough to see the influence.
It’s time once more for another Saturday update of activity at the Open Journal of Astrophysics. Since the last update we have published a further six papers, bringing the number in Volume 9 (2026) to 151 and the total so far published by OJAp up to 599.
I will continue to include the posts made on our Mastodon account (on Fediscience); these announcements also show the DOI for each paper.
The first paper to report this week, published on Tuesday 14th July, is “On combining estimated and analytic covariance matrices” by Alan Heavens (Imperial College London, UK), Lorne Whiteway (University College, London, UK) and Elena Sellentin (Leiden University, The Netherlands). This article, published in the folder Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, presents an accurate approximation for the combined likelihood function in cosmological data analysis, improving upon previous methods by better representing the heavy tails of the true distribution.
The overlay for this paper is here
You can find the officially accepted version on arXiv here and the announcement on Fediverse here:
The second paper for this week, also published on Tuesday 14th July in the folder Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics is: “Line-of-sight shear in SLACS strong lenses II: validation tests with an extended sample” by Natalie B. Hogg (U. Cambridge, UK), Daniel P. Johnson (Université de Montpellier, France), Anowar J. Shajib (U. Chicago, USA) and Julien Larena (Montpellier). The study described in this paper models 27 additional gravitational lenses, finding a significant fraction with unexpectedly large line-of-sight shears. Factors like redshift, filter, and signal-to-noise ratio don’t significantly affect shear magnitudes.
The overlay looks like this:
The official version of the paper can be found on arXiv here and the Fediverse announcement here:
The third paper of the week, published on Wednesday 15th July, again in the folder Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics “Investigating the Dark Energy Constraint from Strongly Lensed AGN at LSST-Scale” by Sydney Erickson (Stanford University, USA) and 13 others on behalf of The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration. The study uses a new technique to analyze a large sample of lensed Active Galactic Nuclei, providing an independent probe of dark energy and improving constraints on the Universe’s expansion.
The overlay for this one is here:
The final, accepted version can be found on arXiv here and the Mastodon announcement is here:
The fourth paper of the week, also published on Wednesday 15th July but in the folder Earth and Planetary Astrophysics is “University of Hawaii 88-inch Telescope Observations of the Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS: Spectrophotometric Blue-Sensitive Spectral Time Series Spanning Two Months from Discovery” by W. B. Hoogendam (University of Hawaii, USA) and 24 others from around the world. The study presents observations of the third interstellar object, 3I/ATLAS, using the SuperNova Integral Field Spectrograph, revealing its properties and comparing it to bodies in our solar system.
The overlay for this one is here:
You can read the final version of this one on arXiv here and the Mastodon announcement is here:
The fifth paper of the week, published on Friday 17th July in the folder Astrophysics of Galaxies, is “The birth of the intracluster medium: the evolution of multiphase gas and Lyman-α haloes in a z~3 simulated protocluster” by Jake S. Bennett (Harvard Smithsonian CfA, USA), Aaron Smith (U. Nottingham, UK), Fabrizio Arrigoni-Battaia (MPA Garching, Germany), Debora Sijacki (U. Cambridge, UK) , Cassandra Lochhaas (CfA) and Lars Hernquist (CfA). This study uses a cosmological simulation to explore the transition from complex galactic haloes to mature galaxy clusters, focusing on gas distribution, ionisation, and emission changes during this evolution.
The overlay for this one is here:
You can read the final version of this one on arXiv here and the Mastodon announcement is here:
The sixth and final paper paper of this week is “”Density reconstruction from biased tracers: Testing the equivalence principle through consistency relations” by Lawrence Dam and Omar Darwish (Université de Genève, Switzerland). This was published on Friday 17th July in the folder Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics. It proposes using quadratic estimators to test the weak equivalence principle on cosmological scales, offering a practical alternative to the conventional bispectrum approach.
The overlay for this one is here:
You can find the final accepted version on arXiv here and the Mastodon announcement is here:
As you can see we have now published over 150 papers this year and are just one shy of 600 in total. I expect we’ll pass that milestone next week. I’ll do another update next Saturday.
I just heard the very sad news of the death at the age of 89 of cricketing legend Sir Garfield (“Garry”) Sobers. He was a superb player, a genuine all-rounder. With the bat he was an extraordinary attacking strokeplayer, being the first to hit six sixes in an over (for his adopted county, Nottinghamshire, against Glamorgan in 1968.
I know there’s more than a suspicion that the dropped catch off the 5th ball might have been deliberate, but still…
When I lived in Nottingham my next door neighbour had many memories of Garry Sobers. He was fond of the nightlife, and also liked to bet on the horses. As a captain Sobers was also a bit of a gambler, often making very generous declarations. It didn’t always come off, but it sure made for exciting cricket.
Sobers’s maiden test century against Pakistan turned into a mammoth 365 not out. His batting average in 93 test matches was 57.78, a number that a specialist bat would be proud of. But he was also a superb bowler with the knack of getting good batsmen out, usually with his fast left-arm inswingers bowled over the wicket. Here is an example of him getting Geoffrey Boycott out. He always seemed to enjoy doing that. It’s a low resolution clip, but just look at the swing!
Of that delivery, which got him out lbw, Boycott later said “It was missing off, missing leg, and hitting middle halfway up”. You can tell he knew he was out. (When I played cricket at school I never figured out to bat aginst left-arm over the wicket bowlers even if they didn’t swing…). Sobers was also an adept left-arm spin bowler, who could bowl orthodox but was also adept at the Chinaman (a term for left-arm wrist spin that has fallen into disuse in recent years, but was common in my youth). I should also mention that he was an exceptional fielder too at a time before one-day cricket increased the general level of fielding.
I genuine all-rounder who reaches the level of international excellence at both batting and bowling is very rare in cricket. Most all-rounders are either bowlers who can bat a bit or batters who can bowl a bit. Sobers was the only one in his generation who was great at both. Cricket was fortunate later, from the late 70s to the 80s, to have three four at the same time: Ian Botham (England), Kapil Dev (India), Richard Hadlee (New Zealand) and Imran Kahn (Pakistan). But Sobers was probably the greatest of them all.
R.I.P. Garry Sobers (1936-2026). Pure legend.
So a six-week hosepipe ban (covering all non-essential use of water) has just started in an area including Maynooth:
(I’m a little surprised that we haven’t been served with an official written notice about this but I’ll observe it anyway.)
Since we won’t be able to play with real water for a while, how about the next best thing in the form of this wonderful performance of Maurice Ravel‘s beautiful Jeux d’eau by Martha Argerich? This is the only version of this piece I have on CD, and I’d be happy to receive other suggestions through the comments box, but I think it must be hard to beat for the sheer fluidity of the playing.
I’ve been thinking for some time whether to renew my (expired) British passport, and finally decided to do so. No longer being resident in the UK I thought this would require a trip to the Embassy in Dublin, but that isn’t the case these days. One has to apply online, including supplying a digital photograph, send the old passport off by courier, then wait for the new one to arrive (by courier).
One problem with doing this is that the format of digital picture required for a British passport is not the same as for an Irish one, so most of the automatic machines (“Photo-Me”, etc) in Ireland are no use. I was able to take advantage of a recent trip to London, however, by using such a machine in Paddington station. I had plenty of time for that given the train delays. I got a few printed photos at the same time, in case I need them, but all you need for the passport is a photo code. The images are stored until used in the passport application.
And so it came to pass that today I completed the online application, paid the fees, and went to the local Post Office to send the old one to HM Passport Office. Now I have to wait and see how long it takes for my new passport to arrive. About a month, they say. We’ll see.
The new one will be dark-blue or black, like the very first one I ever had (left). That one was issued in 1986 and expired in 1996. I leave it as an exercise the reader to calculate how many I have had since then!
Whatever its design it will not allow me the right to live, work and retire freely within the European Union, so it will be of considerable less value than my Irish one.
I was for a time under the impression that having a British passport would make it easier should I ever want to enter the UK from somewhere other than Ireland, but I don’t think this is true. Unlike other EU citizens, according to the provisions of the Common Travel Area (CTA), Irish citizens do not require an ETA to enter the UK. They just need a valid Irish passport. Still, I think it will be useful to have a spare and I’m now used to having multiple identities!
I recently travelled to the UK and back by ferry. That journey being within the CTA a passport is not strictly required – other forms of photo-ID are acceptable – but I took mine anyway, as I don’t have a driver’s licence and we don’t have official government-issued ID cards in Ireland so I wasn’t sure whether they would accept any of the cards I have with my picture on it (e.g. my Maynooth staff card). As it happened the ID checks were very cursory. When I checked in at Dublin Ferry Port, the assitant there only wanted my ticket number and didn’t ask to see my ID at all. It was the same coming back from Holyhead. On arrival at Holyhead, there was a border post staffed by several officers, but they waved most passengers through (including me). On returning to Dublin the check was even more perfunctory: there was just one guy and he seemed more interested in welcoming everyone to Dublin than looking at any documents.
The CTA means that if you fly from Dublin to the UK you generally arrive at a place in the airport dedicated to such passengers. This is particularly convenient flying to Heathrow Terminal 2: on arrival you just walk through the Baggage Reclaim and out into the airport without passing any checks. You still need a passport, though, as airlines require this form of identification and it is scrutinized when you check in and when you board the plane. The only airport I know of that doesn’t have a simplified arrival system for CTA passengers is Dublin. They have no separate facilities, so you have to go through passport control with all the other passengers. That can be a bit inconvenient if lots of flights have arrived at the same time. I suppose the people who run Dublin Airport do not think it’s worth having a CTA arrivals facility.
Back into the swing of things in Maynooth, getting ready for the repeat examinations that start next month, I realized that I had forgotten to pass on an interesting paper that I found out about a few weeks ago but was reminded of while in London so I’m remedying my omission now. The title is The Coherence Principle: A Falsifiable Prior for Model Selection from the Grammar of Theories by Raul Jimenez, Carlos Peña Garay, Fergus Simpson, and Licia Verde. It addresses the issue of how to assign prior probabilities. We know how to do this in cases where the models concerned belong to a family differentiated by relatively simple parameters (as is the case in the standard cosmological framework), but for more complex differences the appropriate prior is difficult to choose. I see the paper as an attempt to extend the work of Ed Jaynes, though I’m not sure the authors see it quite in those terms!
Here is the abstract:
Bayesian model selection in cosmology and particle physics is often performed where posterior odds inherit a strong, often unacknowledged dependence on the prior assigned to competing models. Standard responses — reference priors, hierarchical priors, or appeals to naturalness — ignore relevant theoretical knowledge or rely on criteria hard to define operationally. We propose the Coherence Principle: a reproducible prescription for assigning model priors according to compatibility with the validated structure of an existing theory. This structure, grammar, includes symmetries, conservation laws, locality, Lorentz invariance, and universality patterns. Unmotivated violations of these rules incur a coherence cost, converted into a prior weight through a maximum-entropy exponential form controlled by one calibratable parameter α. The resulting prior is distinct from both the Bayesian Occam factor and naturalness: it penalizes not parameter volume or fine tuning, but departures from validated theoretical grammar. We illustrate the principle with examples from cosmology and fundamental physics: neutrino mass mechanisms, dark energy and modified gravity, inflation, beyond-Standard-Model sectors, and hierarchical astrophysical inference. We test it also on four historical cases — general relativity, Pauli’s neutrino, parity violation, and special relativity — where evidential and theoretical contexts can be reconstructed. These examples show that it favors the historically successful choice when the proper grammar is defined in the correct domain and time. The Coherence Principle makes explicit a common but usually tacit part of physical reasoning: trust in validated structural rules. It turns this judgment into a transparent, testable, and overrulable component of Bayesian inference, leaving empirical likelihoods free to dominate when data are sufficiently constraining.
arXiv:2606.18491v1
In the Dark 