Archive for the Biographical Category

Mathematics, Astronomy and the National Secular Society

Posted in Biographical, History, Politics with tags , , , , on January 17, 2015 by telescoper

I imagine that a  great many people have been thinking hard recently about democracy, free speech and religious belief in the wake of the Charlie Hebdo murders in Paris. There’s also been a great deal of stuff in the print media covering these issues. I just want to mention one thing that I have decided to do, namely to join the National Secular Society an organization that campaigns against religious privilege.

Let me reproduce a statement from their webpage here:

The National Secular Society works towards a society in which all citizens, regardless of religious belief, or lack of religious belief, can live together fairly and cohesively. We campaign for a secular democracy with a separation of religion and state, where everyone’s Human Rights are respected equally.

We work in the UK and Europe to challenge the disproportionate influence of religion on governments and in public life. We provide a secular voice in the media, defending freedom and equality as a counterbalance to the powerful religious lobby and some of the more destructive religious impulses that can threaten human rights worldwide.

The National Secular Society is a non-party-political organisation with members from across the social and political spectrum. Our Honorary Associates include MPs and peers, as well as leading figures from politics, journalism, law and the arts.

The NSS is a democratic and independent non-profit organisation which receives no funding from government or other public bodies. Our campaigning is wholly supported by our members and supporters, people like you who share our belief in the urgent need to keep religion and politics separate.

One of the National Secular Society’s very active current campaings is against the egregious Local Government (Religious etc Observances) Bill, which includes a provision that would require local councillors to attend sessions that involve prayers. This bill is wholly unacceptable to me, as it is perfectly possible for councillors of a religious persuasion to pray whenever they like, either before during or after a meeting, without requiring non-believers to be present.

I respect the right of others to whatever religious belief they choose and would not interrupt or disrupt an act of religious observance, but imposing such actions on others is simply unacceptable. I don’t think religious services should be imposed in schools and colleges, and I don’t see why this is any different.

Anyway, the general point is that I firmly believe that the only way we will ever develop a society that allows people of all cultures and beliefs to live in peace with each other and in atmosphere of mutual respect is to remove any reference to religion from our political and legal establishment. It’s a ridiculous anachronism that Bishops of the Church of England sit in the House of Lords, for example.

You’ll all no doubt be glad to know that I’m not going to “preach” about this at length here, although I may from time to time post on matters related to the National Secular Society (NSS), though hopefully in such a way as it doesn’t get confused with that other NSS the National Student Survey. I will however include a little story as a kind of postscript.

When I tweeted about the National Secular Society recently a friend of mine pointed out a curious connection between it, astronomy, and my former employer, Cardiff University. The first ever Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy at the University College of South Wales and Monmouthsire (which eventually became Cardiff University) was a distinguished chap by the name of Henry William Lloyd Tanner, who was appointed to his position in 1883. In November 1883 there was a vigorous campaign by religious types to have him removed because of his connections with the National Secular Society (which was founded way back in 1866); you can read about it here. The campagign did not succeed, and H.W. Lloyd Tanner remained in post until 1909.

We have at least made some progress since 1883, in that nowadays a Professor would not be threatened with the sack on the basis of his religious beliefs or lack of them, but there’s a long way to go before our nation is a truly secular society.

Lognormality Revisited

Posted in Biographical, Science Politics, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , , , , on January 14, 2015 by telescoper

I was looking up the reference for an old paper of mine on ADS yesterday and was surprised to find that it is continuing to attract citations. Thinking about the paper reminds me off the fun time I had in Copenhagen while it was written.   I was invited there in 1990 by Bernard Jones, who used to work at the Niels Bohr Institute.  I stayed there several weeks over the May/June period which is the best time of year  for Denmark; it’s sufficiently far North (about the same latitude as Aberdeen) that the summer days are very long, and when it’s light until almost midnight it’s very tempting to spend a lot of time out late at night..

As well as being great fun, that little visit also produced what has turned out to be  my most-cited paper. In fact the whole project was conceived, work done, written up and submitted in the space of a couple of months. I’ve never been very good at grabbing citations – I’m more likely to fall off bandwagons rather than jump onto them – but this little paper seems to keep getting citations. It hasn’t got that many by the standards of some papers, but it’s carried on being referred to for almost twenty years, which I’m quite proud of; you can see the citations-per-year statistics even seen to be have increased recently. The model we proposed turned out to be extremely useful in a range of situations, which I suppose accounts for the citation longevity:

lognormal

I don’t think this is my best paper, but it’s definitely the one I had most fun working on. I remember we had the idea of doing something with lognormal distributions over coffee one day,  and just a few weeks later the paper was  finished. In some ways it’s the most simple-minded paper I’ve ever written – and that’s up against some pretty stiff competition – but there you go.

Picture1

The lognormal seemed an interesting idea to explore because it applies to non-linear processes in much the same way as the normal distribution does to linear ones. What I mean is that if you have a quantity Y which is the sum of n independent effects, Y=X1+X2+…+Xn, then the distribution of Y tends to be normal by virtue of the Central Limit Theorem regardless of what the distribution of the Xi is  If, however, the process is multiplicative so  Y=X1×X2×…×Xn then since log Y = log X1 + log X2 + …+log Xn then the Central Limit Theorem tends to make log Y normal, which is what the lognormal distribution means.

The lognormal is a good distribution for things produced by multiplicative processes, such as hierarchical fragmentation or coagulation processes: the distribution of sizes of the pebbles on Brighton beach  is quite a good example. It also crops up quite often in the theory of turbulence.

I’ll mention one other thing  about this distribution, just because it’s fun. The lognormal distribution is an example of a distribution that’s not completely determined by knowledge of its moments. Most people assume that if you know all the moments of a distribution then that has to specify the distribution uniquely, but it ain’t necessarily so.

If you’re wondering why I mentioned citations, it’s because it looks like they’re going to play a big part in the Research Excellence Framework, yet another new bureaucratical exercise to attempt to measure the quality of research done in UK universities. Unfortunately, using citations isn’t straightforward. Different disciplines have hugely different citation rates, for one thing. Should one count self-citations?. Also how do you aportion citations to multi-author papers? Suppose a paper with a thousand citations has 25 authors. Does each of them get the thousand citations, or should each get 1000/25? Or, put it another way, how does a single-author paper with 100 citations compare to a 50 author paper with 101?

Or perhaps the REF panels should use the logarithm of the number of citations instead?

Conchita Wurst wins 2014 Beard of the Year poll

Posted in Beards, Biographical with tags , , , on December 29, 2014 by telescoper

Many congratulations to the fabulous Conchita Wurst, who has won the coveted title of Beard of the Year 2014. I finished in 3rd place. Huge thanks to everyone who voted for me. I’m quite chuffed to have finished in the top 5 actually, and am delighted that Conchita Wurst was the winner in the end.

In fact I was in the lead until two days before the end of polling. However, on Saturday 20th December, I checked the voting and found Conchita already was on top of me, pulling away. The resulting surge was extremely impressive and exciting to witness…

I would have happily settled for second place but then, on Monday 22nd, the last day of voting, Bartosz Bialkowski, who wasn’t on the shortlist until that point, made an unexpected appearance and quickly romped up the table. I’ve never heard of Bartosz Bialkowski before that day, actually. Apparently he plays in goal for Ipswich Town, in the Midlands. Anyway, although many will be surprised that 2nd place went to someone who isn’t among the list of official contenders, there’s no doubt he has an impressive beard and enthusiastic support from Ipswich Town supporters who no doubt were responsible both for his late inclusion in the list and in the heavy voting on Monday that relegated me to 3rd place.

Anyway, that’s it for Beard of the Year. My brief venture into the limelight is over, and I’ll now return to my normal state of well-deserved obscurity…

kmflett's avatarKmflett's Blog

Beard Liberation Front

Press release 28th December

Conchita Wurst tops Eurovision win with Beard of the Year victory

wurst

The Beard Liberation Front, the informal network of beard wearers, has said that in the best supported contest since 1995, the winner of this year’s Eurovision in May Conchita Wurst has also won the 2014 Beard of the Year poll with 33.54% of the vote.

The singer narrowly beat Ipswich Town goal keeper Bartosz Bialkowski who made a late bid for the title with 31.89% and University of Sussex academic Peter Coles who polled consistently well throughout the three weeks of the poll to end on 14.58%.

Other well known beard wearers including cricketer Moeen Ali and author Philip Ardagh also polled well.

BLF Organiser Keith Flett said, The Beard Liberation Front stands for diversity of dress and appearance and the breadth of appeal of this year’s winners underlines that. Let’s…

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The Submarines of Burlington House

Posted in Art, Biographical on December 12, 2014 by telescoper

image

I’m in London for the Monthly Open Meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society, followed by dinner with the Club. I just popped into the courtyard of Burlington House in front of the Royal Academy of Arts to see what was going on, and I found this giant fish tank full of tiny rusty submarines. Not sure what it represents but at least It makes a change! It’s part of an exhibition by Anselm Kiefer, apparently.

In Praise Of The Oldie

Posted in Biographical, Crosswords with tags on December 9, 2014 by telescoper

Feeling the effects of advancing years, and ahead of another weekend out of circulation, I purchased a copy of the December edition of The Oldie last week to help pass the time. I heartily recommend this magazine to readers of a certain age for its eclectic mixture of articles, cartoons and, best of all from my point of view, a splendid crossword (set by Antico). In fact there are two crosswords, a tricky thematic cryptic puzzle called Genius, and a straightforward definition puzzle, namely, a little harshly, Moron. For the December edition there was a bumper-sized Genius puzzle which took me a good hour to solve, a distraction that I found most welcome. I’ve posted off my solution already in the hope that I can win another dictionary to add to my collection.

The Christmas OLdie also included a calendar which is already hanging on my office wall. Here is a cartoon from the calendar, which tickled me because of its topicality and operatic connection:

 

oldie

I’ve decided to take out a year’s subscription, so I hope they’ll forgive any copyright infringement involved in including that cartoon!

Starlink Memories

Posted in Biographical with tags , , , , , , , on December 3, 2014 by telescoper

This lunchtime I put on a black tie and went to the funeral of Stuart Keir, who died suddenly a few weeks ago at the aged of 55. Stuart had only just retired, on grounds of ill health, having worked in IT services for over twenty years here at the University of Sussex. When I first started in 1985 the observational astronomers at Sussex were primarily based at the Royal Greenwich Observatory (RGO), which was at that time located in Herstmonceux and Stuart was one of the staff there supporting the computer systems. The RGO moved to Cambridge in 1990 (for reasons which still escape me) at which point some of the astronomers and support staff relocated permanently to the University of Sussex while others went to Cambridge; Stuart moved to Sussex when the Starlink node was consolidated here following the loss of the RGO.

stuart

Stuart Keir

I remember Stuart very well from my life here as a PhD student and then as a postdoc in the Astronomy Unit, both before and after he moved full-time to Falmer campus. He wasn’t always the easiest of characters to work with – he insisted on doing everything his own way, which sometimes conflicted with what the astronomers wanted – but it has to be said that he did usually know better than us about the important things. He also worked extremely hard at his job and was definitely a great help to me during my time at Sussex. I’m very sad that he didn’t have long to enjoy his well-earned retirement.

The news of Stuart’s death made me all nostalgic for my days as a PhD student, when life was definitely much simpler. It also made me look back affectionately at the Starlink system as it was in the 80s. I had been lucky enough to get a series of temporary jobs, between school and university and during summer vacations at university, that involved the use of VAX computers of exactly the same type as that used in Starlink so I was well prepared when I started my PhD. In fact, looking back, I still think the native Virtual Memory System (VMS) and Digital Command Language (DCL) were terrific to work with. Unfortunately it seems that DEC, the company that manufactured the VAX systems, made some unwise business decisions and they lost ground to SUN. During the 1990s there was a rapid phase transition within Starlink from VAX machines to a range of SUN workstations.

Much of the value of Starlink in the old days was the connectivity it provided in what was basically a pre-internet (enabled by DECNET) which allowed sharing of software across all UK astronomy groups. In this sense it was an important step towards Open Science. The growth of the internet however let to a reduced role for Starlink from the mid-1990s onwards. Stuart transferred from Starlink to general IT services at the University of Sussex when Starlink was winding down.

In its heyday, Starlink was a great resource that provided a superb environment for astronomical researchers. It would have been nothing, however, without the dedicated team of Starlink Managers like Stuart who managed the local nodes and worked so help the astronomers that worked there. Data-intensive subjects like astronomy depend as much now as they did then on the hard work of computer support staff, an effort that is in my view not given anything like sufficient recognition by universities and other research institutions.

Rest in Peace, Stuart Keir.

Una Furtiva Lagrima

Posted in Biographical, Opera with tags , , , , on December 2, 2014 by telescoper

Too busy for a proper post today so here’s a bit of music. On Saturday I had the pleasure of listening on BBC Radio 3 to a live broadcast of the opera L’elisir d’amore from Covent Gardens, one of my all-time favourite works. I definitely have a thing for the kind of Italian Bel Canto exemplified by the work of Gaetano Donizetti and this is one of his greatest; certainly his most performed anyway. One the surface it’s a light romantic comedy with a very silly plot involving a quack doctor and a fake potion, but it’s beautifully characterized and has considerable dramatic depth and wonderful music. I don’t mind daft operas, as long as they’re sufficiently daft to be true to real life…

Anyway, listening on the radio made me realise how long it has been since I went to see an opera live. Looking at the Covent Garden website to see if there were any more performances due, I saw the prices of the remaining tickets, which brough tears to my eyes. All of which brings me to the highlight of L’elisir d’amore, the Act III aria Una Furtiva Lagrima, one of the most famous and beautiful tenor arias in the entire repertoire. Here it is, sung by the late great Pavarotti. Enjoy!

Oh, and while I am on the theme of opera I’ll just mention that Maria Callas was born on this day in 1923. Happy Birthday, La Divina!

Callas

Graphic Display

Posted in Art, Biographical with tags , , , , on November 29, 2014 by telescoper

Two days ago, on Thursday, I had the pleasure of spending all day at an “Awayday” trying to work out how to implement the University of Sussex Strategic Plan, Making the Future. My main contribution was this beautifully clear diagram summarising a lengthy discussion on research strategy:
IMG_0974
Obviously the diagram needs no further explanation, but members of the audience were so impressed with it as a piece of graphic art that the end of the day I was asked to sign it.

Research Strategy

Now, who’s going to nominate me for the Turner Prize?

Cricketer Moeen Ali & author Philip Ardagh on Beard of Year shortlist. Russell Brand doesnt make cut

Posted in Beards, Biographical on November 28, 2014 by telescoper

So it seems that I’ve made the shortlist for Beard of the Year 2014. No doubt many would consider it to be unseemly for me to tout for votes on this blog. All I can say to such people is VOTE FOR ME!

kmflett's avatarKmflett's Blog

Beard Liberation Front

Press release 27th November

Contact keith Flett 07803 167266

Cricketer Moeen Ali & author Philip Ardagh on Beard of Year shortlist as Russell Brand doesn’t make cut

The Beard Liberation Front, the informal network of beard wearers, has revealed the 10 names that will go forward to a poll for the Beard of the Year after a public vote eliminated such well known beard wearers as Russell Brand and Pink Floyd’s Dave Gilmour.

England cricketer Moeen Ali who has just scored the third fastest England ODI century and author Philip Ardagh are among the favourites to win the coveted Award, along with surprise contender the Bishop of Brentwood.

After an on-line vote which opens on 28th November the winners of Beard of the Year will be revealed on December 28th.

BLF Organiser Keith Flett said, it’s fair to say that competition for the Beard of the…

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Remember, Remember the 5th of November

Posted in Biographical with tags , , on November 5, 2014 by telescoper

Tonight is a big night for the town of Lewes, which is just up the road from the Sussex University campus at Falmer. The traditional bonfire night celebration draws thousands into the town. I won’t be going, as I have too much work to do and in any case the combination of huge crowds and fireworks is not one that I find particularly attractive.

The occasion for the festivities is of course Guy Fawkes’ Night, which celebrates the Gunpowder Plot of 1605, which intended to blow up the Houses of Parliament. Guy Fawkes was supposed to light the blue touchpaper on that occasion and it has been a tradition to burn his effigy on the bonfire on the anniversary of the attempt, every November 5th, while letting off fireworks. It’s all a bit more involved in Lewes, where many different figures are usually burnt in effigy and there’s a lot of dressing up and parading around to boot.

When I was young, Guy Fawkes’ Night was the thing we celebrated rather than Halloween. Although we didn’t put on anything as elaborate as the Lewes event, most families held their own bonfire in their garden and fireworks could easily be bought from local shops who stocked up at this time of year. Since we had open ground right in front of our house, we had very big bonfires where I grew up in Benwell which lots of other kids came to. The number of private bonfire parties has decreased markedly since then, owing to safety concerns and they have largely been replaced by large scale organized celebrations.

Another tradition associated with November 5th also seems to have died completely. When I was a kid the thing to do was to make an effigy of Guy Fawkes (called a “Guy”) and parade him from door to door asking for “Penny for the Guy”. The idea was if you had an impressive effigy, people would give you money which you used to buy fireworks for the forthcoming party. Of course you were hoping for a bit more than a penny.

I suppose that this tradition has been displaced by the American import “Trick-or-Treat”, which I think is a shame. It’s true that many bonfire celebrations have an unpleasant anti-catholic undertone which is a reminder of the religious intolerance that blights much of British history. But although it may be an ugly history, but at least its ours. Next thing you know we won’t have Guy Fawkes’ Night at all; we’ll have to call it 5/11.

I remember one year spending ages making a really good Guy with a head made from papier mâché and plasticine for his eyes, nose and mouth. I was really proud of him, especially when he sat on top of the huge pile of wood that was going to form the bonfire. When it was lit – which happened before the fireworks started – the heat from the flames started to melt the plasticine features of the Guy.

The other kids rushed around in excitement as the adults sorted out the Roman Candles, Catherine Wheels and the rest of the soon-to-be-ignited pyrotechnics, things that would go bang and whizz though not necessarily in that order.  But I stood transfixed, staring at the Guy. After a few minutes I started sobbing and ran to my mum in anguish as molten plasticine dripped from his eyes.

Guy Fawkes was crying…