I’ve taken the liberty of reblogging this post from a blog that I follow, as it is a question that interests me. As far as I know I have never contracted Covid-19, but I think I’m a rare case. I know many people who have had it multiple times. The most I think is five. There was an outbreak at the Euclid Meeting in Rome too, which affected over sixty people. I am hearing through the grapevine that case numbers are rather high at the moment, both in Europe and the USA, but in the absence of any systematic testing it is difficult to know the precise situation.
A couple of months ago I had a nasty cough which I thought might have been Covid-19 but repeated tests came back negative.
In the interest of full disclosure, I am fully vaccinated and boosted. I suppose another booster will be available in the autumn and I’ll take that too.
Anyway, I’d be interested to hear through the comments from anyone who has never had Covid-19 if you feel like divulging such information.
I’ve managed to cross another one off the list of books I’ve had for ages but never read, in the form of biochemist Nick Lane‘s The Vital Question I bought this book several years ago and have no idea why I took so long to get around to it. Given how quickly things are moving in the biosciences these days, it may even be a bit out of date now, but as far as I’m concerned it’s better late than never.
I haven’t studied biology since O-level (1979) but did chemistry as one of four subjects in the first year year of Natural Sciences at Cambridge and I remember some organic chemistry. I wish I had done Biology of Cells then, though, not because I would have carried on with it but because it’s much more interesting than the subject I did take, Crystalline Materials. Probably much of what I would have learnt in 1982-3 is out of date now.
The Vital Question doesn’t ask a single big question but tackles a number of interrelated questions that together comprise a big mystery in the origin of life, basically the apparently sudden appearance of eukaryotic life (i.e. organisms with complex cells, including plants and animals) as distinct from simpler the forms, archaea and bacteria. Among the fascinating issues are how eukaryotes evolved, why there is no missing link, and why eukaryotic cells are all built on a similar model, what made reproductive sex the way it is, and why in the midst of life there has to be death.
One of the great advances in biosciences since the time I didn’t study it is a revolution in the understanding and practical application of genetics, especially through fast DNA sequencing, not only in biology but also in other fields such as medicine, archaeology and forensic science. One of the valuable points that Lane makes is that the success of genetics led to an emphasis on the role of information – because that’s what genes represent – to the detriment of other essential factors in living cells, especially energy. The book points to the relationship, familiar to physicists, that information relates to entropy, but makes it clear that entropy on its own is not sufficient to understand the thermodynamics of, e.g., respiration and reproduction.
This is a recurrent theme in the history of science, actually, that the success of one particular way of looking at phenomenon often seems to convince people that it provides the complete picture, when some subsequent study demonstrates that usually turns out not to be the case. None of this is to argue that genes are unimportant. They undoubtedly are, but so are other factors including reaction kinetics and environment.
Anyway, to address this big question, Lane gives us a tour of the processes involved at a significant level of complexity but the book is so well-written that it’s actually a bit of a page-turner. As I explained at the beginning I haven’t studies any biology for over 40 years so I struggled at first with some of the technical words, but there is a full glossary to help. The rather dreary pictures are less helpful, but altogether is a superb introduction.
One of the aspects of this book I enjoyed greatly is the number of digressions. That might put some people off, but I thought it helped to paint a true picture of the richness of life in all its forms as well the constraints imposed on it. I didn’t know for example that while most mammals (including humans) have X or Y chromosomes, birds are different: they have W and Z (note to physicists: not to be confused with the gauge bosons). Moreover, while the reproductive sex usually indicated by XX is female (homomorphic) and XY is male (heteromorphic), the opposite is true for birds and some reptiles: females are heteromorphic (ZW) and males are homomorphic (ZZ). Why this difference arose I have no idea, but Lane makes some interesting observations about how it may be behind how some male birds develop exaggerated pigmentation and plumage.
Another question that struck me reading this book is why the human genome is so small. Or rather, why so many other genomes are much bigger. For reasons I described in a post a few years ago, I actually have a CD with my own genome on it. Come to think of it, I no longer have a CD drive so have no way of reading it. Anyway, the human comprises about 3 billion base pairs. Some apparently much simpler organisms have genomes much larger than that. We humans are much simpler than we tend to think! Why is that?
Obviously it has been my turn to digress…
I thoroughly recommend this book for a number of reasons, including the excellent explanations of biochemical processes and the fact that it’s written with such obvious enthusiasm and desire to communicated. Above all, though, Lane does what a scientist should do, i.e. he’s honest about the huge gaps in our knowledge. He doesn’t pretend to answer all the questions he asks, but demonstrates the importance of tackling the big issues head on and acknowledging what is known, what is unknown, and what is speculation. That’s a lesson for all science communicators!
Today, Monday 5th August 2024, being the first Monday in August, is a Bank Holiday in Ireland. This holiday was created by the Bank Holiday Act of 1871 when Ireland was under British rule. While the August Bank holiday was subsequently moved to the end of August in England and Wales, it has remained at the start of August in Ireland. Today is also a Bank Holiday in Scotland, though the Scots have the best of both worlds and have a holiday at the end of August too.
The first day of August marks the old pagan festival of Lughnasadh, named after the God Lugh, on which is celebrated the beginning of the harvest season. This coincides with the English Lammas Day one of many Christian festivals with pagan origins. Traditionally this marks the start of the harvest season and is celebrated accordingly, with rites involving the first fruit and bread baked from flour obtained from the first corn. It is also one of the cross-quarter days, lying roughly half-way between the Summer Solstice and the Autumnal Equinox (in the Northern Hemisphere).
It seems to be a tradition in Maynooth that the Bank Holidays in May and August are are adjacent to examinations. This year they start on Wednesday (7th August). I am, however, still on sabbatical so I don’t have any correcting duties. That doesn’t mean I can’t wish all the students taking repeat examinations all the best in their endeavours.
This month is the last of my sabbatical. I officially return to normal duties on 1st September, but that is a Sunday so I won’t return to the office until Monday 2nd September. That is if I have an office. There’s a lot of reorganization going on and currently I don’t know where I’ll be based. At least I know what I’ll be teaching in Semester 1 though: a fourth-year Mathematical physics course on Differential Equations and Complex Analysis and a second-year Engineering Mathematics course. These are not what I would have chosen if I had a free hand (I’d rather teach physics than mathematical methods) but I’ve had it excessively easy for the last year so can’t complain. With a bit of luck I might get a project student or two as well, if the students haven’t forgotten who I am!
As we enter a Bank Holiday long weekend here in Maynooth I thought I’d pass on a bit of news and a clarification about the swan(s). Some time ago I described the sad events that led to the death of one of the pair of swans that had nested on the Royal Canal for many years, along with all their cygnets. In that post I explained that one of the swans had died and the other had been taken away by the Kildare Wildlife Rescue (KWR) team. All I know is that both seemed to have been suffering from some sort of be “infection” which may or may not be the same thing that cause of death as the cygnets.
At the time I had been told that it was the female swan (the pen) that had died and the male that had been taken away to be treated. It turns out that this was the wrong way round: it was the male swan that had died and the female (the cob) that had been removed by Kildare Wildlife Rescue.
The good news, however, is that she has recovered and has now been returned to the Canal:
Picture Credit: Caroline Connolly of Kildare Wildlife Rescue
Of course she’s on her own now, having lost her partner and all her cygnets. I don’t know if she’ll find another and start breeding again. I do hope so. A lone juvenile male has been spotted on the canal recently. Might they get together?
The other day I slipped in the garden and fell into a flowerbed. It wasn’t serious as it was a raised bed so I didn’t fall far, though I did get a bit of a gash on my leg where I hit the little wall around it. It had been raining so everything was wet and I needed to clean myself up as well as clean my wound. I think it’s fair to say, though, that only my dignity really suffered (and a few plants got a bit squashed).
When I was safely back inside the house I got thinking about the difference between “to fall” and “to have a fall”. It seems to me that when someone is young you would say that they fell, but for an older person it would be that they “had a fall”. I’m not sure at what age the transition occurs, but I insist that I fell. I didn’t have a fall.
Thinking a bit more about it, perhaps it’s not the age of the person falling per se but the seriousness of the event. The likelihood of injury of course increases with age. If you fall you get up reasonably quickly afterwards. If you have a fall then you would probably be injured, possibly seriously, and might need assistance. If you have a great fall, of course, not even all the King’s horses and all the King’s men could help you.
All of which nonsense leads me to reflect on one of my phobias. I often say that I’m scared of heights, but it’s really not as simple as that. I have a fear of edges, i.e. sudden drops, even if they’re not particularly high. It gets worse with height – I had problems on my terrace in Barcelona, for example. This fear is irrational because I know I’m at no risk of falling, but there you go. Curiously, I don’t think I ever had this when I was a child.
Years ago when I was having therapy, this subject came up. The therapist guessed that it started when I got beaten up in Brighton back in the 1980s. During that event, I fell and, I think, hit my head on the edge of the pavement which knocked me out and scrambled my wits for some time afterwards. It’s possible being near a visible edge triggers some sort of flashback to this event.
I hope my more recent tumble doesn’t leave me with a fear of flower beds.
As I’ve mentioned before on this blog, over the past year or so I’ve been trying to catch up on my reading. My stack of books I’ve bought but never read is now down to half-a-dozen or so.
With sabbatical drawing to a close, the next major life even appearing on the horizon is retirement. Since that will involve a considerable reduction in income, and consequently money to buy books, and my house already has quite a lot of books in it, I thought I’d join the local public library so that when I’ve cleared the backlog of bought books, I’ll read books from the library instead.
With that in mind, I just joined the public library on Main Street, Maynooth, which is only about 15 minutes’ walk from my house. It’s a small branch library but is part of a larger network across County Kildare, with an extensive online catalogue from which one can acquire books on request. All this is free of charge.
Once I got my card, I had a quick look around the Maynooth branch. It has a good collection of classic literature (including poetry) as well as Irish and world history, which will keep me occupied for quite a while. The normal loan period is 3 weeks, which provides an incentive to read the book reasonably quickly.
I borrowed books in large quantities from public libraries when I was a child. I’m actually looking forward to getting into the library habit again.
I was very sad to learn yesterday of the death at the age of 96 of celebrity sex therapist Dr Ruth Westheimer, known universally as “Dr Ruth”. I remember her well from TV appearances back in the 1980s during the AIDS crisis when she was a staunch ally of the gay community. Her frank and non-judgmental approach to sex education – especially with regard to safer sex practices – probably saved many lives during that crisis. The fact that she looked like an archetypal little old lady made her use of explicit language rather shocking in a way but also extremely effective. I thought she was wonderful.
I actually had the privilege of meeting Dr Ruth. In fact, I had breakfast with her in a hotel in Reykjavik. We were both participants in a show called the Experiment Marathon which happened in 2008, before I started blogging. I still have the book of the event. Here is the list of participants, along with a picture of Dr Ruth during her contribution:
list of participantsDr Ruth in 2008
Anyway, all the participants were staying in the same hotel for this event and on the morning of my talk I came down for breakfast to find the dining room rather crowded. There was a space, however, at Dr Ruth’s table. I recognized her immediately and was a bit nervous but eventually asked if I could join her. She was absolutely charming, very friendly, extremely talkative and delightfully funny. When I was able to get a word in, I told her how much admired her work during the AIDS crisis. She was also extremely tiny, well under five foot tall.
Dr Ruth was born to an Orthodox Jewish family in Germany in 1928. When the Nazis came to power she was moved to Switzerland while her parents remained in Germany. Her father was murdered in Auschwitz; her mother also died during the Holocaust though nobody knows the details. She often said that her attitude during the AIDS crisis was informed by her knowledge that the Nazis murdered gay people too so she felt it was important to her show solidarity.
I mentioned about ten days ago that I was stepping down from my position as Chair and leaving the Euclid Consortium Diversity Committee (ECDC for short). The tedious matter of my broken laptop delayed the official handover, however, so it was only today that I managed to do the official handover to the new ECDC at a Zoom telecon. That was the last ECDC telecon I will chair and, indeed, the last one I will attend. I’ve been participating in these meetings every two weeks or so for four years now, for the last year as Chair, so they have been a regular feature in my calendar for quite a while. Chairing involves quite a lot of preparatory work – compiling and circulating the agenda, keeping minutes, etc – so it feels good to have the responsibility lifted!
I’d like to wish all the new members of the ECDC, who I met (virtually) for the first time today, and those previous members who are continuing, all the best in the future. I’d also like to extend personal thanks to those members who are leaving this year, especially Marc, Florence and Chiara. I’ve enjoyed everyone’s contribution to the discussions.
I’ll still have telecons for other things, of course. In fact I had two others today alone. Why are they so tiring? For better or worse, Zoom meetings are a standard part of academic life nowadays, even more so if you work in a big international consortium such as Euclid for which in-person meetings are not generally feasible. I won’t complain that I’ll be having many fewer of them in future though!
At long last the sad story of my laptop is coming to a close. This morning I collected a brand new machine from IT Services in Maynooth and returned the one I’ve had on loan since last week. I took the new machine home, hastily set it up, and installed Zoom on it, so I could do this afternoon’s telecon. Since that call finished I’ve been installing other necessary things (such as Slack), generally setting it up and connecting it to various accounts here and there. I still haven’t managed to get it to talk to my printer though.
The demise of my old machine has been a long, drawn out affair. The machine failed when I got back to Barcelona from Rome last month. I managed to resurrect it a couple of days later, but it was working only intermittently and even when it did it was very slow indeed. Last week it failed completely so I took it to IT Services and was without a machine until I borrowed a new one on Friday. The issue with the old one being fairly terminal I ordered a replacement on Monday. Today (Thursday) I got the new laptop – which is nice – and returned the one I had borrowed. The old laptop is still with the technical folks who are trying to retrieve my data from the hard disk the failure of which was behind all the problems, or so I’m told.
Although I handed over my old machine they didn’t need the power supply, which is a standard one of which they had plenty. Since the new laptop came with its own, identical to the old one, so I am now up by one power supply. Something I should have done ages ago was to get a spare power supply so I could leave one in the office to avoid having to carry it to and from home. That’s now been sorted for me.
I got my old laptop in 2018, so it is about 6 years old and therefore out of warranty. I suppose I should have thought about replacing it anyway, but I’ve actually been lucky with laptops. I have two much older that both still work.
Vintage 1995Vintage 2001
I bought one of them – from Dell, like my new one – when I was at Queen Mary. It still runs Windows 95 and I never connect it to the internet, but I find it good for typing things on as the keyboard has a good feel to it though it is rather heavy. The other one – from Toshiba – dates from 2001 and is much lighter than the other. It also still works, running Windows 2000*, though I don’t use it very often, primarily because the wi-fi antenna no longer works.
P.S. When people ask me whether I’ve upgraded from Windows 10 to Windows 11, I always say that I’m way ahead of them – I’m already on Windows 2000!
I had a toy like the one shown above when I was a little kid in the 1960s. We always referred to it as a “Gonk” but I am reliably informed that it is actually a Troll Doll.
One of the things I remember about growing up in Newcastle upon Tyne back then was that there were lots of visitors from Norway in the town at weekends. They came by ferry from Oslo and Bergen to do shopping. For that reason I assumed my Gonk Troll was Norwegian, but these dolls seem to have originated in Denmark.
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In the Dark 