Crisis at NASA

Posted in Euclid, Politics, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , , on April 23, 2025 by telescoper

The scientific community has been waiting for several weeks to find out precisely how heavily the Trump/Musk axe would fall on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); this article reveals the shocking scale of the proposed cuts.

Under the proposal, NASA’s Science Mission Directorate (SMD) would receive almost a 50% reduction in its Budget. Within the individual SMD Divisions:

  • Planetary Science would have its budget cut from the current level of $2,717 Million to $1,929 Million;
  • Earth Science would see a cut from the current budget level of $2,195 Million to $1,033 Million;
  • Astrophysics would decrease from its current level of $1,530 Million to $487 Million;
  • Heliophysics budget would decrease from its current level of $805 M to $455 M.

It’s very bad news all round for NASA science, but the worst hit is Astrophysics (which includes cosmology) where the proposed cut is about two-thirds, which would be truly devastating. According to the American Astronomical Society,

The proposed cut to the astrophysics budget is likely to result in the cancellation of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, a Great Observatory that would revolutionize our understanding of dark matter and dark energy while also detecting hundreds of thousands of planets in other solar systems. As the Roman Space Telescope is already fully assembled and on budget for a launch in two years, a cancellation of the mission would be a significant waste of taxpayer dollars. 

The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (formerly known as WFIRST) is in many ways complementary to Euclid, though it will survey a smaller area of sky it has an telescope twice the diameter of Euclid so will reach fainter magnitudes. It has been threatened before, in Trump’s previous administration, but it survived. It is not clear that it will do so again as the current composition of Congress is not weighted favourably.

Those of us outside the United States can do little, but in case anyone reading this is in America the AAS has an Action Alert for you to contact your representative(s) to vote against the proposal.

6 Comments »

When you’re invited to a conference in the US…

Posted in Biographical, Politics on April 22, 2025 by telescoper

I’ve been hearing and reading lots of stories over the last month or so of people being denied entry to the United States like this one in the Guardian about a French researcher who was travelling to a conference. It seems that immigration officials are likely to confiscate and search phones and laptops for evidence of unacceptable opinions. And that’s just the start – you’re liable to be detained and deported if the goons at the border don’t like the cut of your jib.

Ireland is one of several countries (including France, Germany and Denmark) officially advising those travelling to the USA to use a burner phone instead of their usual mobile and leave their normal laptop behind. That goes for tourists just as much as people on business or travelling to meetings.

A more sensible alternative (for those of us who have the choice) is not to go there. It’s worth neither the hassle nor the risk. You can probably give your talk remotely anyway. For the indefinite future, this will be my response if I’m invited to travel to a conference in the USA:

Leave a comment »

Easter Monday (In Memoriam E.T.) – Eleanor Farjeon

Posted in Poetry with tags , , , , , , on April 21, 2025 by telescoper 
In the last letter that I had from France
You thanked me for the silver Easter egg
Which I had hidden in the box of apples
You liked to munch beyond all other fruit.
You found the egg the Monday before Easter,
And said, 'I will praise Easter Monday now -
It was such a lovely morning'. Then you spoke
Of the coming battle and said, 'This is the eve.
Good-bye. And may I have a letter soon.'

That Easter Monday was a day for praise,
It was such a lovely morning. In our garden
We sowed our earliest seeds, and in the orchard
The apple-bud was ripe. It was the eve.
There are three letters that you will not get.

by Eleanor Farjeon (1881-1965)

Eleanor Farjeon, who is probably best known for having written the words to the hymn Morning has Broken, wrote this poem shortly after she heard news of the death of her close friend the poet Edward Thomas (the E.T. in the title) who was killed in action at the Battle of Arras on Easter Monday, 9th April 1917.

2 Comments »

Jazz 625 – Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers

Posted in Jazz, Television with tags , , , , , , on April 20, 2025 by telescoper

This just appeared on Youtube a couple of days ago and I couldn’t resist sharing it here. It is from a BBC programme in the series Jazz 625 and is presented by a chap called Humphrey Lyttelton, himself a trumpeter and bandleader. Although Humph is best known as a musician on the traditional side of jazz, he was very broadminded about music and extremely knowledgeable about more modern forms, as he demonstrated on his long-running radio show The Best of Jazz, which I listened to avidly as a teenager and which introduced open my eyes and ears to lots of new things including “hard bop“, which is the genre to which this belongs.

This programme was broadcast in 1965, at which time the BBC Television programmes were all in black-and-white so the recording has been “colourized”, and think the sound has been remastered too. It sounds great.

Anyway, the band featured here is Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers. I was lucky enough to hear a couple of later incarnations of this group play live in the 1980s. There’s no need to run through the personnel or tunes because Humph does so in the recording. I will just add that the intro and outro are Thelonious Monk’s 52nd Street Theme.

Leave a comment »

Weekly Update from the Open Journal of Astrophysics – 19/04/2025

Posted in OJAp Papers, Open Access, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , on April 19, 2025 by telescoper

It may be the Easter holiday weekend, but it’s still time for the weekly Saturday morning update of papers published at the Open Journal of Astrophysics. Since the last update we have published five new papers, which brings the number in Volume 8 (2025) up to 42 and the total so far published by OJAp up to 277.

In chronological order of publication, the five papers published this week, with their overlays, are as follows. You can click on the images of the overlays to make them larger should you wish to do so.

The first paper to report is “Galaxy Clustering with LSST: Effects of Number Count Bias from Blending” by Benjamin Levine (Stony Brook, NY), Javier Sánchez (STScI, MD), Chihway Chang (Chicago, IL) Anja von der Linden (Stony Brook), Eboni Collins (Dillard, LA), Eric Gawiser (Rutgers, NJ), Katarzyna Krzyżańska (Cornell, NY), Boris Leistedt (Imperial College, UK) on behalf of the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration.

This presents a simulation-based study of the effect of source overlaps (blending) on galaxy counts expected for the Vera C. Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). The paper is in the folder Cosmology and NonGalactic Astrophysics and was published on Monday 14th April 2025. The overlay is here:

 

You can find the officially-accepted version of the paper on arXiv here.

The second paper to announce, published onTuesday 15th April 2025,  “Rapid, strongly magnetized accretion in the zero-net-vertical-flux shearing box” by Jonathan Squire (Otago, New Zealand), Eliot Quataert (Princeton, USA) & Philip F. Hopkins (Caltech, USA). This  paper presents a numerical study of turbulence in a flux shearing box, with discussion of the implications of the results for global accretion disk models and simulations thereof. It was published in the folder High-Energy Astrophysical Phenomena and the overlay is here:

 

You can read the officially accepted version of this paper on arXiv here.

The third paper of the week, published on Wednesday April 16th 2025,   is “DeepDISC-photoz: Deep Learning-Based Photometric Redshift Estimation for Rubin LSST” by Grant Merz (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA) and 13 others (all based in the USA) on behalf of the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration. This paper describes adding photometric redshift estimation to the DeepDISC framework for classification objects in co-added images for use with the Vera C. Rubin LSST survey. It can be found in the folder Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics.

Here is the overlay:

 

You can find the officially accepted version of this paper on arXiv here.

The next one to report is “Multidimensional Nova Simulations with an Extended Buffer and Lower Initial Mixing Temperatures” by Alexander Smith Clark and Michael Zingale (Stony Brook University, NY, USA). This paper presents new computer models of classical novae with improved ability to follow nucleosynthesis in the thermonuclear outburst and better treatment of convective transport. This one was also published on Wednesday 16th April 2025 but in the folder Solar and Stellar Astrophysics.

Here is the overlay:

 

The official published version can be found on the arXiv here.

The last paper of the five published this week is “Measurement of the power spectrum turnover scale from the cross-correlation between CMB lensing and Quaia” by David Alonso (Oxford, UK), Oleksandr Hetmantsev (Kyiv, Ukraine), Giulio Fabbian (Cambridge, UK), Anze Slosar (Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA) and Kate Storey-Fisher (Stanford, USA). This is a discussion of using the spatial correlations of quasars and their cross-correlations with cosmic microwave background lensing data to measure a feature corresponding to the matter-radiation equality scale with consequences for cosmological parameter estimation. It was published on Thursday 17th April 2025 in the folder Cosmology and NonGalactic Astrophysics.

The overlay is here:

You can find the officially accepted version on arXiv here.

That’s all the papers for this week. I’ll just add a couple of things.

One is that, although there have been weeks before in which we have published five or more papers, we still haven’t managed to have a week on which we’ve published a paper on every weekday. This week we had two on Wednesday 16th but didn’t have any yesterday (Friday).

The second is that tt has been a while since I last posted a breakdown of the running costs here at the Open Journal of Astrophysics. Today I received an email from Scholastica, our service provider, reminding me our costs will go up shortly (from 22nd April). In the interest of transparency I am passing this information on here.

The new prices will be as follows:

  • Peer Review System annual cost will be $425/year (was $350/year) plus $10 per submission (no change)
  • OA Publishing Platform annual cost will be $1,499/year (was $1,399/year)

Last year we published 120 papers with about 250 submissions. We’re a bit ahead of that this year, so I estimate that our next year’s costs will be a bit less than $5000. That’s still less than the typical APC for a single paper at many journals.

I hope this clarifies the situation.

Leave a comment »

Good Friday Morning

Posted in Biographical, Education, Maynooth with tags , , , on April 18, 2025 by telescoper

Good Friday has a slightly strange status in Ireland. It is a Bank Holiday, meaning that the banks are shut, but it’s not a statutory public holiday so many people still go to work. This differs from the UK and Northern Ireland for which it is a public holiday, which seems strange when you think about the Republic’s Catholic traditions.

Schools in Ireland are closed today, but that’s because they are on an Easter break anyway. In contrast, Easter Monday (21st April) is both a Bank Holiday and public holiday. Maynooth University is closed today, so I miss a Particle Physics lecture, and next week is the Easter break (including Easter Monday). We return on Monday 28th April for the remaining two weeks of teaching, apart from Monday 5th May which is a Bank Holiday and a public holiday. The last day of teaching is Friday 9th May, which also happens to be the day on which I’m giving a colloquium at Maynooth, and examinations start a week later, on 16th May.

The weather so far is consistent with today being a Bank Holiday:

Bank Holiday weather

I think I’ll wait for a gap in the rain before going out.

Oh.

It looks be spending most of the day indoors! It seems a good day to make a start on my reading list.

It’s been a very busy week, not only because of the very enjoyable visit by Brian Schmidt, but also because I wanted to clear my coursework grading before the Easter break. I managed to do the last of that yesterday, so I don’t have to do any of that either this weekend or during the Easter break. There are some more assignments due, but I will deal with them when we return after Easter.

Leave a comment »

Biosignature Hype

Posted in Astrohype, Bad Statistics, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , , , on April 17, 2025 by telescoper

I was thinking just the other day that I haven’t posted much in either the Astrohype or the Bad Statistics folders on this blog. Well today I found an item that belongs in both categories. Many people will have seen the widespread press coverage of a misleading claim of the discovery of alien life; see, e.g., here. This misleading press coverage is based on a misleading press release from the University of Cambridge which you can find here.

The story is based on a paper in the pay-to-publish Astrophysical Journal Letters with the title “New Constraints on DMS and DMDS in the Atmosphere of K2-18 b from JWST MIRI“. The DMS and DMDS in the title refer to Dimethyl Sulphide and Dimethyl Disulphide respectively. These are interpreted by the authors as biosignatures.

There are two main problems with this claim. One is that DMS and DMDS are not necessarily biosignatures in the first place; see here for the reasons. The other is that there isn’t even any evidence for the detection of DMS or DMDS anyway. Here is the spectrum of which the lead author of the paper, Prof. Nikku Madhusudhan, has claimed “the signal came through loud and clear”.

Yeah, right. In statistical terms this is a non-detection. The Bayes Factor used in the paper to quantify the evidence for a model with DMS and/or DMDS over one without is just 2.62 in the logarithm. That’s not a detection by any stretch of the imagination; to be anywhere near convincing a Bayes Factor has to be at least 100. The subsequent cherry-picking of the data to improve the apparent probability of a detection is just statistical flummery.

Notice that the use of the phrase “Constraints on” in the title of the paper does not indicate that the article presents evidence that a detection has been made. That the claim has somehow morphed into the “the strongest evidence for life beyond our solar system” is absurd. The most charitable thing I can say is that Prof. Madhusudhan must have been carried away by enthusiasm. This doesn’t reflect very well on Cambridge University either.

This episode worries me greatly. This is a time of increasing hostility towards science and this sort of thing can only make matters worse. Scientists need to be much more careful in communicating the uncertainties in their results.

UPDATE: There’s a now paper on arXiv here that argues that a straight line is a better fit to the data, in other words that there is no strong statistical evidence for spectral features at all.

9 Comments »

Supreme Prejudice

Posted in Biographical, LGBTQ+ with tags , , , , , , , on April 16, 2025 by telescoper

On reflection it was inevitable that the UK Supreme Court would make the decision that it did today, i.e. to decide to deprive trans people of the protections from discrimination that they should have under the 2010 Equality Act. After all, the Court did not consult with a single trans individual or organization representing trans people in the course of its deliberations, preferring instead to base its conclusions only on submissions from known transphobic groups. That alone renders the process indefensible.

That said, the Supreme Court had to twist itself in knots in its judgment to find some semblance of an argument. For example, the judgment claims that the definition of “sex” to be used in the context of the Equality Act is “biological sex” which is “binary”. I paraphrase, of course, but it doesn’t really matter that the argument about biology is wrong – ever heard of intersex people? – because they don’t use it anyway. In fact the judgment does not even attempt to define in biological terms what sex is nor what is a woman is. The definition asserted is “sex at birth”, which actually means what is written on a birth certificate. As a matter of fact, my birth certificate actually says “Boy”…

Whatever is written on an official document is not biological, but bureaucratic, and also non-binary. Intersex people sometimes have “intersex” written on their birth certificate, a fact that thus refutes the binary claim, but sometimes they are arbitrarily assigned “male” or “female” with potentially damaging consequences. I used intersex merely as an example. Very few things in nature are actually binary, and sex – whether it be genetic, hormonal , gonadal or whatever – is emphatically not one of them, particularly not in humans.

Here’s a helpful graphic.

Shoe-horning people into binary categories is wrong not only because it fails to accept scientific reality but also because of the harm it causes to human beings worthy of acceptance and respect. People who dismiss the non-binary nature of sex and gender often say words to the effect that “oh I know there are exceptions, but there aren’t many of them”. But:

  1. if there are so few then why are you so obsessed with them?
  2. one exception is sufficient to refute what purports to be a logical argument!
  3. it’s precisely because trans people are a small minority that means they deserve legal protection.

Today’s judgment looks set to cast an already beleaguered group entirely to the wolves. You can bet your bottom dollar that there will be a tidal wave of follow-up cases targetting trans people with the specific intention of stirring up more hostility. The Supreme Court actually acknowledges the existence of transphobic hate and offers some words to suggest that trans people will still have some legal protections. There can be no doubt however that the judges know that their ruling will be seen as a green light for bigots and their rich backers to engage in still more bigotry. I also fear a rise in the already appalling number of trans suicides that the UK Government is trying so hard to conceal. I think it goes without saying and contrary to the claims of those who brought the case, this ruling does absolutely nothing to protect cis women.

I can’t understand the mindset of people that can look at the evidently complex and nuanced of human sexual identity and respond by putting on blinkers and insisting that it is what it clearly isn’t. Some people just seem to need their bigotry to survive in their joyless unimaginative lives. Whatever that mentality is the Supreme Court shares it. They didn’t listen to any contrary views. It was a foregone conclusion, a sham contrived by a group of reactionary duffers.

I have tried throughout this piece to refer to trans people rather than trans men or trans women. Obviously the ruling today was in response to a case brought by cis women who hate trans women. It will almost certainly lead to more trans women being harassed and victimized (as was the intention of the case). But there are at least as many trans men as trans women. Under the new ruling trans men will presumably be forced to use “women-only” lavatories and will run the risk of hostility should they do so. Trans women using “male only” toilets are likely also to be harassed. The Supreme Court knows this is what will happen, but apparently doesn’t care, and is content to go along with a trajectory set by far-right activists who won’t stop here.

It’s no consolation to my friends living on TERF Island, but at least in Ireland the law is a bit more progressive and better grounded in reality. It’s a grim day for trans people in the UK. All I can do is send a message of solidarity and point you to this list of resources for trans people and their allies. I know it’s only a gesture but I’m proud to share the Trans Pride flag here too.

Update: 27th April. The British Medical Association has just passed this resolution:

Leave a comment »

That was the Dean’s Lecture that was..

Posted in Biographical, Maynooth, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , on April 15, 2025 by telescoper
Left to Right: John Regan, Neil Trappe, Brian Schmidt and myself

As it was foretold, last night we had a very special event in Maynooth in the form of a public lecture with the title The Universe from Beginning to End by Nobel Laureate Prof. Brian Schmidt. Brian actually arrived on Sunday and is still here today; he will be returning to Australia from Dublin this evening. It was really great of him to take the time to visit us here in Maynooth not just for the lecture but to chat informally with staff and students. He also did some interviews with the media, e.g. here and here.

The talk, which was for a lay audience, was extremely well attended. In fact we had to move it to a larger venue than we originally intended. I don’t know the official attendance figures but I would guess somewhere between 400 and 500 people came. The talk was excellent, and there were lots of very good questions from the audience afterwards which Brian dealt with very engagingly. The talk was recorded and if it becomes available publicly I will provide a link.

At the end I even found myself on the list to have dinner with Brian in a local restaurant. All in all, it was an excellent day.

2 Comments »

Wyn Evans for the Chancellorship of Cambridge University!

Posted in Education, Harassment Bullying etc with tags , , , , on April 14, 2025 by telescoper

Following on from yesterday’s post, I thought I’d pass on information about the campaign by Prof. Wyn Evans to be the next Chancellor of Cambridge University. You can find some of this information in the comment here and a longer version here. Here’s the gist of the campaign:

I am a graduate of Cambridge University and have just registered to vote in the forthcoming election. I shall of course be backing Wyn Evans, but in order to stand he needs to get 50 nominations. If you are a Cambridge graduate and wish to nominate Wyn Evans then please follow the instructions here or here.

That is all.

5 Comments »

« Older Entries
Newer Entries »