Archive for the Education Category

Autumn Repeats Again

Posted in Education, History, Maynooth with tags , , , on August 6, 2026 by telescoper

The repeat examination period at Maynooth University has begun. In fact the first papers were sat yesterday (5th August); the period goes on for ten days or so, I will have four different papers to grade, though I’m expecting only one candidate each for three of them. My first is tomorrow (Friday 7th August).

A couple of years ago, Maynooth University produced this nice good luck message for those resitting so I’ll repeat it here:

Every year at this time I mention the difference between the system of repeats in Maynooth compared to other institutions with which I am familiar, especially in the UK. Elsewhere, students generally take resits when, because they have failed one or more examinations the previous May, they have not accumulated sufficient credits to proceed to the next year of their course. Passing the resit allows them to retrieve lost credit, but their mark is generally capped at a bare pass (usually 40%). That means the student gets the credit they need for their degree but their average (which determines whether they get 1st, 2nd or 3rd class Honours) is affected. This is the case unless a student has extenuating circumstances affecting the earlier examination, such as bad health or family emergency, in which case they take the resit as a `sit’, i.e. for the first time with an uncapped mark.

Here in Maynooth, however, the mark obtained in a repeat examination is usually not capped. Indeed, some students – though not many – elect to take the repeat examination even if they passed earlier in the summer, in order to increase their average mark.

Some people don’t like the idea of uncapped repeats because they feel that it would lead to many students playing games, i.e. deliberately not taking exams in May with the intention of spreading some of their examination  load into August. For this reason the Institute of Physics has decided to impose capped resits as part of its accreditation requirements. Some people here seem to think IOP accreditation is worth having so we’re being pushed into that requirement. I find it heavy-handed and unhelpful. I also think it imposes a dreary uniformity on physics courses in the UK. In any case, IOP accreditation is unimportant unless you want to do postgraduate study in physics in the UK (and often not even then). It doesn’t matter at all anywhere else.

If you think students have an unfair advantage if they don’t take a full diet of examinations in May, then the logical conclusion is that part-time students have an unfair advantage as do students taking micro-credentials consisting of just one or two modules. It’s the essence of the modular system that each module result should be considered on its own merit, not in relation to other modules a student may or may not have taken at the same time. One can of course argue whether the modular system is good or not, but if you have it then you should act consistently in accordance with it. You wouldn’t penalize students who have to work to support their study relative to those who don’t, would you?

And there’s no real evidence of students in Maynooth actually playing the system in the way the IOP thinks they do anyway. For one thing, the results from the repeat examination period are not confirmed until early September so that students that deploy this strategy do not know whether they are going to be able to resume their course until just a couple of weeks before term. That could cause lots of problems securing accommodation, etc, so it doesn’t seem to me to be a good ploy. Finalists adopting this strategy will not be able to graduate with the rest of their cohort and may miss several months of potential employment. I think most of our students are smart enough to realize that it’s a risky strategy.

Anyway, I’d welcome comments for or against whether resits/repeats should be capped/uncapped and on what practice is adopted in your institution.

Lá Saoire i mí Lúnasa

Posted in Biographical, Education, mathematics, Maynooth with tags , , , , on August 3, 2026 by telescoper

Today, Monday 3rd August 2026, being the first Monday in August, is a Bank Holiday in Ireland. This holiday was created by the Bank Holiday Act of 1871 when Ireland was under British rule. While the August Bank Holiday was subsequently moved to the end of August in England and Wales, it has remained at the start of August in Ireland. It has been a nice morning weather-wise, but in true Bank Holiday fashion we’re promised heavy rain later on, with a chance of thunderstorms.

As I mentioned on Saturday, the first day of August marks the old pagan festival of Lughnasadh, named after the God Lugh, on which is celebrated the beginning of the harvest season. This coincides with the English Lammas Day, one of many Christian festivals with pagan origins. Traditionally this is the start of the harvest season and is celebrated accordingly, with rites involving the first fruit and bread baked from flour obtained from the first corn. It is also one of the cross-quarter days, lying roughly half-way between the Summer Solstice and the Autumnal Equinox (in the Northern Hemisphere).

Two years ago at this time I was still on sabbatical. That seems like ages ago! When I resumed teaching, in September 2024, I had to teach two modules I’d never taught before: a fourth-year Mathematical physics course on Differential Equations and Complex Analysis and a second-year Engineering Mathematics course. I am doing both of these again so resumption of teaching in September won’t be as challenging, although I will be changing a few things in the light of last year’s experience. Lectures start on Monday 22nd September.

After I return to work tomorrow the next big item on the agenda is the repeat examination period, which starts on Wednesday August 5th. The first paper for which I have responsibility is on Friday 7th, but I won’t be able to get the scripts until Monday 10th so I have a bit of time to do other stuff before I start marking. I am not expecting many scripts, actually, so it shouldn’t be too onerous a task to get them done promptly.

Next week also sees the deadline for the dissertations for our MSc course. I have been supervising a student this year and will probably be asked to give comments on the final draft of his report. Then the MSc students have their presentations on Friday 14th August. They have all completed the taught component of the course so the only thing left to assess are these projects. Students will get their final results later this month, along with the resitting undergraduate students.

In between all this we have our Eclipse Event on August 12th. This sold out very quickly so we expect a good turnout. The event was advertised quite a bit in the local media, e.g. here and here:

The viewing of the eclipse will of course depend on the weather, but we have talks lined up indoors and a pop-up planetarium so I hope people will turn up even if the weather isn’t great. Although it is officially full, there may be a few returns, so it is worth checking on the day to see if we can fit you in.

Anyway, after the repeat examinations and project assessments are done, the marks uploaded, and the Undergraduate and Postgraduate Examination Boards have done their work, the next job will be to prepare for the new intake of students. This year’s Leaving Certificate results will be announced on Friday 21st August, at which point we’ll see how many students (if any) we have studying Physics next academic year (which, if all goes to plan, will be my penultimate…)

Lughnasadh – The Start of Autumn

Posted in Biographical, Education, Maynooth with tags , , , , , on August 1, 2026 by telescoper

Today is 1st August, which is marked by the old Celtic festival of Lughnasadh, named after the God Lugh. This coincides with the English Lammas Day, one of many Christian festivals with pagan origins. The word for August in modern Irish is Lúnasa, a name derived from the old Celtic word.

Traditionally 1st August marks the start of the harvest season and is celebrated accordingly, with rites involving the first fruit and bread baked from flour obtained from the first corn. It is also one of the cross-quarter days, lying roughly half-way between the Summer Solstice and the Autumnal Equinox (in the Northern Hemisphere).

In the Northern hemisphere, from an astronomical point of view, the solar year is defined by the two solstices (summer, around June 21st and winter, around December 21st) and the equinoxes (Spring, around March 21st, and Autumn, around September 21st). These four events divide the year into four roughly equal parts of about 13 weeks each. If you divide each of these intervals in two you divide the year into eight pieces of six and a bit weeks each. The dates midway between the astronomical events mentioned above are (roughly) :

  • 1st February: Imbolc (Candlemas)
  • 1st May: Beltane (Mayday)
  • 1st August: Lughnasadh (Lammas)
  • 1st November: Samhain (All Saints Day)

The names I’ve added are taken from the Celtic/neo-Pagan (and Christian terms) for these cross-quarter days. These timings are rough because the dates of the equinoxes and solstices vary from year to year. Imbolc is often taken to be the 2nd of February (Groundhog Day) and Samhain is sometimes taken to be October 31st, Halloween. But hopefully you get the point. All four of thes days have a Bank Holiday associated with them (on the first Monday after the respective date); this Monday (3rd August) is a Bank Holiday in Ireland.

Some folk in Ireland regard August 1st as the first day of Autumn, just as 1st February is regarded as the first day of Spring and 1st May is the start of Summer. Indeed, our annual cycle of repeat examinations at Maynooth always happens in early to mid-August and these examinations are officially called the Autumn repeats. I rest my case. In my time here I have also noticed that May, June and July do tend to have significantly better weather than August, although I’m pleased to say that the weather isn’t particularly autumnal today.

Astronomy Envy

Posted in Biographical, Education, Science Politics with tags , , , on July 30, 2026 by telescoper

In 1998 the Department of Physics at the University of Nottingham was struggling in both research and undergraduate recruitment. To remedy the situation it decided to add a new group in Astronomy. The main idea was that having astronomy in its portfolio would attract more students and boost its standing in the Research Assessment Exercise (as it was then called). I was one of the people appointed to turn that decision into reality, and I’m glad to say the result was a success. Undergraduate numbers increased and in the next RAE Nottingham Physics scored a ‘5’, compared to the previous ‘4’. The Astronomy group quickly gained recognition across the UK and abroad, and another group was added, in Astroparticle Physics.

When the new Astronomy group was set up in 1999, the Department of Physics changed its name to the School of Physics & Astronomy. Despite the positive effect of this new activity, it was immediately clear that some members of staff resented it. A new letterhead was created, referring to the School of Physics & Astronomy, and one (very distinguished) senior member of the former Department always crossed off the “and Astronomy” whenever he used it. Others were surprised that the astronomers wanted to do research, when they felt that astronomy was just a bit of window-dressing for undergraduate recruitment. The astronomers were just there to do teaching, so that the “proper physicists” – mostly in semiconductor physics, nanoscience and other areas of condensed matter physics – could spend more time in their laboratories. I’m not saying that every physicist thought this – most were genuinely appreciative and supportive – but there were more than a few grumblers.

The undertone of all this is the envy that some physicists feel towards astronomy. Astronomers get invited to talk about their work to the general public and to amateur astronomy clubs, while there are no such calls for semiconductor physicists. Nobel prizes go to cosmology and astrophysics much more frequently than some would like. Above all there is the view that astronomy is all very well for bringing students in, but once at university the students must be converted to “proper physics”. Astronomers (including astrophysicists and cosmologists) should not get “notions” (as the Irish say). The short-sighted view that scientific research in universities should be aimed at short-term commercial gain amplifies this attitude, but does not entirely account for it.

These thoughts have been at the back of my mind for some time, but they came to the front again with the recent news about cuts to STFC funding. The callous attitude shown to the UK astronomy research community, implying that it should be grateful that it is not being cut by more than the disastrous level announced, indicates (to me) that there’s much more to what is going on than a mere budgetary issue. There is a deliberate plan to slap down a community that has grown too big for its boots.

The consequences for UK astronomy, and UK physics in general, are dire. Astronomy has kept many physics departments afloat for the last several decades. Without it, physics will fail in all but a handful of universities. That’s where envy takes you.

Invigilator Training?

Posted in Education, Maynooth with tags , , , , on July 27, 2026 by telescoper

I saw the above cartoon in the latest Private Eye and, with Repeat Examinations rapdily approaching I thought I’d share it here without permission.

Years ago, academic staff had to invigilate their own examinations. I had to do this in my first teaching job at Queen Mary and, later, at Nottingham, but more recently the job has generally been done by support staff rather than academics. I moved from Nottingham to Cardiff in 2007 and don’t think I ever had to invigilate examinations there, so I haven’t done it for almost twenty years. Nowadays we are just expected to be “on call” to deal with any queries that arise in the Exam Hall by phone.

The cartoon reminded me of one of the funniest April Fool jokes I can recall. I think it was when I was at Queen Mary, but it’s so long ago I can’t remember who was responsible. Anyway, whichever colleague it was sent an email to all academic staff passing on what appeared to be a message from the University Management stating that all staff would be required to attend a compulsory day-long invigilator training workshop, including a “role play” session (the mind boggles). This message managed to trigger a significant number of staff members who made use of the “ReplyAll” on their email to vent their outrage at such a waste of time. It was a good April Fool, because the idea of it was quite plausible. Most April Fools are far too obvious.

Anyway, I’m not sorry that I no longer have to perform the task of exam invigilation, as it was always one of my least favourite jobs, and not only because I don’t enjoy seeing people under stress. Initially I thought supervising an examination might allow me time to do something useful, but there always seemed to be some interruption, such as students wanting an extra answer book, or asking about some issue with the examination paper, or wanting to leave to go to the toilet, etc.

The most dramatic interruption I can remember was when a student who suffered from epilepsy had a seizure in the examination hall. Fortunately we invigilators had been briefed as to what to do in such an eventuality, namely to move the furniture so the student didn’t hurt themselves but otherwise not to intervene until they went to sleep – which usually happens after a minute or two. This was done about 15 minutes before the exam started, not in a day-long training session. We were told that such an episode was unlikely as the student was taking medicine to prevent them occurring. It was quite when it actually happened, but happily the student recovered quickly and was perfectly OK afterwards. Apparently he had been so busy preparing for the examination that day he had forgotten to take his medication in the morning.

Having given up on the idea of doing some other work during an examination, I used to take a few crosswords to do. These are good for passing the time because you can solve a few clues then pause to look around the hall. Other things I used to do included walking around counting the number of right-handed and left-handed students, for example, though I never did any detailed statistical analysis of the results.

The primary purpose of invigilation is to prevent cheating or other misbehaviour, and I only ever saw a few examples of that – most of them involving calculators with, e.g., graph-plotting facilities which are not allowed.

Anyway, I’m glad I no longer have to invigilate examinations, and that makes me all the more grateful for the people who do. Here in Maynooth there are three examinations per day during the Examination Period, with a brief period between to put out the next set of papers, which means a long day for those who do this job. Hats off to the staff of the Exams Office at Maynooth who carry out this thankless task three times a year!

On the Record of David Latchman

Posted in Education with tags , , on July 24, 2026 by telescoper

I just heard that David Latchman has been made Vice-Chancellor of the University of London (until 2028). You can read about it here in the Times Higher.

What the Times Higher doesn’t discuss (at all) is Latchman’s track-record of research misconduct. You can read a lengthy discussion of some of it in the following blog post. It is also discussed more briefly in Latchman’s Wikipedia page.

If you want a symptom of the pathological state of the current higher education system, you need look no further than this appointment. And if you want proof that the Times Higher doesn’t do proper journalism then this is an example of that too.

P.S. For Better Science, where the above post is from, is a blog well worth following…

Save Physics & Astronomy at Sussex!

Posted in Biographical, Education with tags , , , on June 25, 2026 by telescoper

Not long ago I posted an item about cuts to the School of Physics & Astronomy at the University of Nottingham, which included a link to an open letter protesting the decision. About 2700 people signed that letter. It remains to be seen whether it makes any difference.

At the end of that item about Nottingham I wrote

I fear more such news is coming. The UK Higher Education sector is shrinking rapidly. Nottingham University won’t be the last, and I doubt the contagion will be restricted to the UK either…

There have indeed been other announcements of redundancies, including Exeter and Hertfordshire and another at an institution I have worked at, the University of Sussex. The Department of Physics & Astronomy there has been informed that it is to lose 35% of its staff. That means about a dozen posts have to go, with letters going to those in Astronomy and Particle Physics. The authorities at Sussex are no doubt taking their cue from the decision of the Science and Technology Facilities Council to cut grant funding in those areas.

As regular readers of this blog will know, I was Head of School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences at Sussex, which encompassed the Department of Physics & Astronomy, from 2013 to 2016 (when I stepped down for personal reasons). That was a very upbeat period for Physics and Astronomy at Sussex, which makes it very painful to see how badly things are going now just a decade later. When I was Head I was very conscious of the danger of relying too much on STFC science, so we did diversify quite a bit, but even in my worst nightmares I had no idea things would come to this.

Anyway, there is an open letter about Physics & Astronomy at Sussex which I encourage you to sign. When I last looked it only had 336 signatories, but the cause is at least as worthy as at Nottingham.

The 2026 Leaving Certificate Physics Papers

Posted in Education with tags , on June 19, 2026 by telescoper

While I remember I thought I’d follow up my post about the 2026 Leaving Certificate Mathematics papers, by uploading this year’s Physics papers. Here is the Higher level paper:

You can find some reaction to it here and here. I think it’s quite a nice paper, with plenty of choice. See what you think!

And here is the Ordinary level paper:

Boards of Examinations

Posted in Education, Maynooth with tags , , , , , on June 10, 2026 by telescoper

Over the last few days we have been having our annual meetings of the Board of Examiners in the Department of Physics at Maynooth. This process began last Friday with a preliminary meeting of those involved in the theoretical side of the Department, continued on Monday with another preliminary meeting for the experimentalists, continued yesterday with a final meeting with both sides of the house and a visit by two External Examiners, and ended this morning with a meeting I couldn’t attend with feedback. This is the first time since the Departments of Theoretical Physics and Experimental Physics merged that we have run the process like this. I think one of the primary purposes of the merger was to streamline the bureaucracy, but it seems to have had the opposite effect, with everything taking much longer. It was ever thus.

Still, at least I got a nice dinner with the Externals.

Since we have reached the end of the academic year, we looked yesterday at the final grades of those students who are completing their studies this year in order to consider the classification of their degrees. Another (pleasant) duty of our Examination Board was to award prizes for the best performance, not just for finalists but for students at every stage, including the first year. These will be announced in due course.

But that’s not quite the end of it – there is an overall University Examination Board that covers all courses in the University to formally bring an end to the examination process. It is not until after all the Boards have done their business that the students get their marks. If all goes to plan, students will receive their final marks onThursday 25th June, a couple of weeks from now.

In previous years this would have been followed by a Consultation Day on which:

Staff will be available in all Departments to discuss results with students. Students are entitled to see their examination scripts if they wish, these will be generally available on this day or at another mutually convenient time.

In its drive to scrap everything that could possibly be useful to students, however, Maynooth University has now ditched the formal Consultation Day. Well, you can’t expect a University running an €11M surplus to put any resources into processes for advising students can you?

If I had my way we would actually give all students their marked examination scripts back as a matter of routine. Obviously examination scripts have to go through a pretty strict quality assurance process involving the whole paraphernalia of examination boards (including External Examiners), so the scripts can’t be given back immediately but once that process is complete there doesn’t seem to me any reason why we shouldn’t give their work, together with any feedback written on it,  back to the students in its entirety. I have heard it argued that under the provisions of the Data Protection Act students have a legal right to see what’s written on the scripts – as that constitutes part of their student record – but I’m not making a legalistic point here. My point is purely educational, based on the benefit to the student’s learning experience, so this is unlikely to be adopted.

So that’s my internal examination duties here at Maynooth done and dusted. In a month or so I have to travel abroad to be an external examiner at another institution.

The 2026 Leaving Certificate Mathematics Papers

Posted in Education, mathematics with tags , , on June 8, 2026 by telescoper

As I mentioned a few days ago, examinations for the 2026 school Leaving Certificate are under way. One of the interesting things about the Irish system is that the examination papers are put up online immediately after the examinations. Students took their first paper in Mathematics (either Ordinary or Higher level) on Friday and the second was this morning. There has been some reaction in the news here and here.

Anyway, I thought I’d share the Mathematics papers here so you can see what you think of them.

Here are the two Higher Mathematics papers:

The Ordinary Level papers are here:

They look reasonable to me. The thing that strikes me about them is that they are much more structured than the A-level mathematics examinations I took way back in 1981.

Comments are welcome through the box below.