Concerning Muskopedia

Posted in Politics with tags , , , , on November 16, 2025 by telescoper

A colleague sent me this arXiv paper. The abstract reads:

Elon Musk released Grokipedia on 27 October 2025 to provide an alternative to Wikipedia, the crowdsourced online encyclopedia. In this paper, we provide the first comprehensive analysis of Grokipedia and compare it to a dump of Wikipedia, with a focus on article similarity and citation practices. Although Grokipedia articles are much longer than their corresponding English Wikipedia articles, we find that much of Grokipedia’s content (including both articles with and without Creative Commons licenses) is highly derivative of Wikipedia. Nevertheless, citation practices between the sites differ greatly, with Grokipedia citing many more sources deemed “generally unreliable” or “blacklisted” by the English Wikipedia community and low quality by external scholars, including dozens of citations to sites like Stormfront and Infowars. We then analyze article subsets: one about elected officials, one about controversial topics, and one random subset for which we derive article quality and topic. We find that the elected official and controversial article subsets showed less similarity between their Wikipedia version and Grokipedia version than other pages. The random subset illustrates that Grokipedia focused rewriting the highest quality articles on Wikipedia, with a bias towards biographies, politics, society, and history. Finally, we publicly release our nearly-full scrape of Grokipedia, as well as embeddings of the entire Grokipedia corpus.

It’s an interesting paper which shows that much of Muskopedia Grokipedia is just scraped from Wikipedia but some articles have been rewritten to reflect Elon Musk’s fascist attitudes.

Incidentally, the name is derived from Grok, an AI bot for spreading far-right propaganda on Twitter. “Grot” would have been a better name. I have no experience of Grok as I no longer use Twitter and have no intention of looking at Grokipedia either. I imagine it’s probably like Conservapedia, although considerably less (unintentionally) funny.

I remember that I should have posted a reaction to the spineless behaviour of the Royal Society, of which Mr Musk is a Fellow. At the “Unite the Kingdom” march organized by career criminal and racist thug Stephen Yaxley-Lennon (aka Tommy Robinson), Elon Musk made a (remote) contributuion that used violent rhetoric to promote narratives of division and polarisation. This is what his sort will always do. The Royal Society’s response was to issue a lame public statement but take no further action. Musk’s continued presence is a terrible stain on the reputation of the Royal Society.

In the interest of full disclosure I should mention that I do have a Wikipedia page. I’m told I don’t get a mention on Muskopedia. I am grateful for that. Anyway, this paper reminded me to make another donation to Wikipedia. I encourage you to do likewise.

Weekly Update from the Open Journal of Astrophysics – 15/11/2025

Posted in OJAp Papers, Open Access, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , on November 15, 2025 by telescoper

It’s Saturday again, so it’s time for the usual update of the week’s new papers at the Open Journal of Astrophysics. It has been quite a busy week. Since the last update we have published another seven papers, which brings the number in Volume 8 (2025) up to 175, and the total so far published by OJAp up to 410.

First on the menu for this week is “Dynamical friction and measurements of the splashback radius in galaxy clusters” by Talia M. O’Shea (U. Wisconsin-Madison, USA), Josh Borrow & Stephanie O’Neil (U. Pennsylvania, USA) and Mark Vogelsberger (MIT, USA). Published on Tuesday 11th November in the folder Cosmology and NonGalactic Astrophysics, this one presents a study suggesting that dynamical friction does not play a major role in reducing the radius of the splashback feature in real data compared to numerical simulations.

The overlay is here:

You can find the officially accepted version on arXiv here.

The Fediverse announcement is here:

Open Journal of Astrophysics

New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "Dynamical friction and measurements of the splashback radius in galaxy clusters" by Talia M. O'Shea (U. Wisconsin-Madison, USA), Josh Borrow & Stephanie O'Neil (U. Pennsylvania, USA) and Mark Vogelsberger (MIT, USA)

doi.org/10.33232/001c.147125

November 11, 2025, 8:36 am 3 boosts 1 favorites

 

The second paper of the week is “Microlensing of lensed supernovae Zwicky & iPTF16geu: constraints on the lens galaxy mass slope and dark compact object fraction” by Nikki Arendse (Stockholm University, Sweden) and and international cast of 11 others based in Sweden, UK and France. This one was published on 11th November 2025 in the folder Astrophysics of Galaxies. It is about combining observations of two supernovae, iPTF16geu and SN Zwicky, with microlensing magnification maps to probe the properties of the lens galaxy.

The overlay is here:

 

You can find the official version of this one on arXiv here. The federated announcement on Mastodon is here:

Open Journal of Astrophysics

New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "Microlensing of lensed supernovae Zwicky & iPTF16geu: constraints on the lens galaxy mass slope and dark compact object fraction" by Nikki Arendse (Stockholm University, Sweden) and 11 others based in Sweden, UK and France

doi.org/10.33232/001c.147126

November 11, 2025, 8:53 am 1 boosts 1 favorites

 

Next one up is “Neutrino Constraints on Black Hole Formation in M31” by Yudai Sawa (U. Tokyo, Japan) and 11 others all based in Japan. This was published on Tuesday 11th November in the folder High-Energy Astrophysical Phenomena. It presents a calculation of the neutrino emission expected from the collapse of massive stars and its use in constraining black hole formation using neutrino detectors.

 

The overlay is here:

You can find the official accepted version on arXiv here. The fediverse announcement is here:

Open Journal of Astrophysics

New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "Neutrino Constraints on Black Hole Formation in M31" by Yudai Sawa (U. Tokyo, Japan) and 11 others all based in Japan

doi.org/10.33232/001c.147127

November 11, 2025, 9:04 am 0 boosts 1 favorites

The fourth paper this week is “Redshift Drift in Relativistic N-Body Simulations” by Alexander Oestreicher (U. Southern Denmark, DK), Chris Clarkson (QMUL, UK), Julian Adamek (U. Zürich, CH) and Sofie Marie Koksbang (U. Southern Denmark, DK). This one was published on Wednesday 12th November in the folder marked Cosmology and NonGalactic Astrophysics. It presents numerical calculations of the cosmological redshift drift effect for comparison with future surveys.

The overlay is here:

 

 

You can find the official published version on arXiv here. The Fediverse announcement follows:

Open Journal of Astrophysics

New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "Redshift Drift in Relativistic N-Body Simulations" by Alexander Oestreicher (U. Southern Denmark, DK), Chris Clarkson (QMUL, UK), Julian Adamek (U. Zürich, CH) and Sofie Marie Koksbang (U. Southern Denmark, DK)

doi.org/10.33232/001c.147178

November 12, 2025, 8:35 am 1 boosts 0 favorites

 

The fifth paper for this week is “Attributing the point symmetric structure of core-collapse supernova remnant N132D to the jittering jets explosion mechanism” by Noam Soker (Technion, Haifa, Israel). This one, published on Wednesday November 12th in the folder High-Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, presents a discussion of the morphology of a supernova remnant and possible explanation for it in terms of the explosion mechanism.

The overlay is here:

 

The officially accepted version can be found on arXiv here. The Fediverse announcement is here:

Open Journal of Astrophysics

New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "Attributing the point symmetric structure of core-collapse supernova remnant N132D to the jittering jets explosion mechanism" by Noam Soker (Technion, Haifa, Israel)

doi.org/10.33232/001c.147183

November 12, 2025, 8:46 am 1 boosts 0 favorites

The sixth paper to report this week is “Witnessing downsizing in the making: quiescent and breathing galaxies at the dawn of the Universe” by Emiliano Merlin (Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Italy) and an international cast of 20 others based in Italy, Germany, UK, USA, Switzerland, Spain and China. This one was published on Friday November 14th in the folder Astrophysics of Galaxies.

You can find the officially-accepted version on arXiv here. The fediverse announcement is here:

Open Journal of Astrophysics

New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "Witnessing downsizing in the making: quiescent and breathing galaxies at the dawn of the Universe" by Emiliano Merlin (Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Italy) and 20 others based in Italy, Germany, UK, USA, Switzerland, Spain and China

doi.org/10.33232/001c.147267

November 14, 2025, 8:38 am 1 boosts 1 favorites

And finally (for this week) we have “Beyond No No Tension: JWST z > 10 Galaxies Push Simulations to the Limit” by Joe McCaffrey (NUI Maynooth, Ireland), Samantha Hardin & John Wise (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA) and John Regan (Maynooth). This one was also published on Friday 14th November, in the folder marked Astrophysics of Galaxies. It asks the question whether newly-discovered high redshift galaxies are consistent with simulations of galaxy formation. The overlay is here:

You can find the officially acceopted version on arXiv here. The fediverse announcement is here:

Open Journal of Astrophysics

New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "Beyond No No Tension: JWST z > 10 Galaxies Push Simulations to the Limit" by Joe McCaffrey (NUI Maynooth, Ireland), Samantha Hardin & John Wise (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA) and John Regan (Maynooth)

doi.org/10.33232/001c.147278

November 14, 2025, 9:02 am 2 boosts 0 favorites

And that concludes the update for this week. There will be another next Saturday.

The Key to Ireland’s Victory against Portugal

Posted in Football with tags , , , , on November 14, 2025 by telescoper

After a run of disappointing results, Ireland’s footballers last night scored a memorable victory, beating  Portugal 2-0 in a World Cup Qualifying match. I attribute the result to the new Head Coach, pictured below…

And here is a photo of Ireland’s two-goal hero, Troy Parrot, in action.

Quantum & Answers

Posted in Maynooth, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , , on November 13, 2025 by telescoper

Returning to my office in the Science Building at Maynooth University I saw a new feature, which I initially thought was a mobile coffee shop, but which turned out to be the Quantum & Answers trailer, a mobile engagement unit, developed by IrelandQCI, and designed to bring quantum technologies to life for the general public in Ireland.

In case you weren’t aware, IrelandQCI, the ‘Building a National Quantum Communication Infrastructure for Ireland’ project incorporates integrating innovative and secure quantum devices and systems into conventional communication infrastructures. This will be done by enhancing the ESB Telecoms’ optical fibre network with an additional layer of security, all based on quantum physics, in particular quantum key distribution (QKD).

You can read more about this initiative here.

It’s on Maynooth University campus for the rest of the day so if you’re around please feel free to visit and talk about quantum encryption and the like.

Update: I popped in to get out of the rain…

One Hundred Years of the Hot Five

Posted in History, Jazz with tags , , , , , , , on November 12, 2025 by telescoper

Exactly one hundred years ago today, on 12th November 1925, five musicians gathered in the Okeh studios in Chicago to create musical history. The band was Louis Armstrong and his Hot Five and they were about to embark on a series of recording sessions that would result in a rich treasury of 20th century music in the form of 33 sides recorded between November 1925 and December 1927.

The band (pictured above) consisted of Louis Armstrong (on cornet on this track, although he switched to trumpet by the time of the later sessions). Kid Ory played trombone Johnny Dodds Clarinet. Lil Hardin (who was married to Louis Armstrong at the time and credited as Lil Armstrong) played piano and Johnny St Cyr played banjo or guitar. For many people, the collective imagination and sheer drive of Armstrong, Dodds and Ory made them just about the perfect front line. The way they take this one out at the end is a great example.

I won’t even try to write a detailed analysis of this historic record. I’ll just make a couple of points about the Hot Fives.

First, this band never played together as such in live concerts; they were strictly a studio band. In fact, they always sounded like a bunch of friends getting together to have fun making music, which is no doubt because that’s what they were. Most of the records they made were done in a single take, too.

Second, the line-up was unusual because it didn’t have a full rhythm section. At least part of the reason for this was that, at the time, drums were very difficult to record. In Louis Armstrong’s recorded reminiscences he talks about the fact that drums would often make the needle jump when cutting a record if they were were positioned close to the recording equipment. On the other hand if they were too far away to avoid that happening then they often couldn’t be heard at all. The low-frequency response of old fashioned recording systems made bass lines largely inaudible too. Anyway, it was decided that the excellent combination of Lil Hardin’s piano and Johnny St Cyr’s banjo would provide a sufficient framwork. So they were, though later on, in May 1927, a brass bass and drums were added to create the Hot Seven who made a further 11 sides, including the all-time classic Potato Head Blues.

Finally I’ll just remark that according to Satchmo’s memoirs, this track Gut Bucket Blues was the first to be recorded. It does sound like it too, as he introduces the members of the band. I wonder if they knew at this first session what a sensation these records were going to create?

P.S. I know it’s a bit scratchy, but it’s 100 years old. It’s amazing to me that you can hear anything at all.

Ireland has a new President

Posted in Politics with tags , , on November 11, 2025 by telescoper
Catherine Connolly (centre), at her inauguration as President of Ireland. Picture from the Irish Times.

Earlier today, in Dublin Castle, Catherine Connolly was sworn in as the new President of Ireland. Her inauguration was the 14th to the office of Uachtarán na hÉireann and she is the 10th person to have that title. The ceremony was the first of its kind I have seen and I was impressed by its combination of simplicity and dignity. The previous president, Michael D. Higgins, looked rather emotional as he handed over the reins. I wish him all the best in his retirement. I think he’ll be a hard act to follow, and I wish Catherine Connolly all the best in the role for the next 7 years.

Incidentally, the oath of office reads:

I láthair Dia na nUilechumhacht, táimse, [ainm*], á ghealladh agus á dhearbhú go sollúnta is go fírinneach bheith i mo thaca agus i mo dhídin do Bhunreacht Éireann, agus a dlíthe a chaomhnú, mo dhualgais a chomhlíonadh go dílis coinsiasach de réir an Bhunreachta is an dlí, agus mo lándícheall a dhéanamh ar son leasa is fónaimh mhuintir na hÉireann. Dia do mo stiúradh agus do mo chumhdach

*This “ainm” is the Irish word for “name”; the President-Elect inserts their name here. I’ll leave it as an exercise for the student to translate the rest of the oath into English.

Can you make a neutral pion from two photons?

Posted in The Universe and Stuff with tags , , , on November 10, 2025 by telescoper

A neutral pion can decay into two photons. It is therefore not unreasonable to ask the question whether the reverse process – the creation of a neutral pion by colliding two photons – is physically possible and, if not, why not? It is perhaps less reasonable to ask an AI bot these questions. One of my colleagues did just that and found it said “no”, giving  the following three answers to the “why not?” question:

I particularly like the second one.

Would anyone like to offer a correct answer through the comments box?

Autumn Transition

Posted in Maynooth with tags , on November 10, 2025 by telescoper

I couldn’t resist sharing this picture I took after lunch of a Norway Maple in St Joseph’s Square on Maynooth University Campus. I like the gradual transitions of colour from green to yellow and orange and red with height. Most of the other trees have lost most of their leaves already.

On the death of James Watson

Posted in History with tags , , , , on November 9, 2025 by telescoper

So James Watson, a deeply unsavoury individual who co-won a Nobel Prize by stealing Rosalind Franklin’s ground breaking research on DNA, and was an unrepentant racist and misogynist, is dead. Lest it be forgotten, here is a collection of authentic quotes that give an insight into his true character.

Ravel, Dessner and Beethoven at the National Concert Hall

Posted in Music with tags , , , , , , , , , on November 8, 2025 by telescoper

Yesterday evening I made my way through a rather rainy Dublin to the National Concert Hall for a very enjoyable concert by the National Symphony Orchestra Ireland conducted this time by André de Ridder. Incidentally, the Orchestra has been searching for a new Principal Conductor for some time and as now made an appointment in the form of Alexander Shelley, but he won’t take up the baton until September 2026 so until then there will continue to be a number of guest conductors and, it has to be said, a rather piecemeal programme.

Last night’s performance followed a very typical programme for a concert of classical music: a short piece as an appetiser (often an overture or similar), an instrumental concerto featuring a guest soloist, then a wine break, followed by a full symphony or some other large work. They don’t all follow that format, but many do. I always like it when at least one of the pieces is something I’ve never heard before. That was the case last night.

We started with the orchestral version of Pavane pour une infante défunte, played very well but, as always seems to be the case, rather too slowly for my tastes. That particular piece was on the menu at NCH in March this year and I made the same complaint then. I like the piece a lot, but I wish orchestras wouldn’t take it at a funeral pace!

Next one up was the world premiere of a brand new composition by Bryce Dessner called Trembling Earth. This is a cello concerto and it was written for Russian cellist Anastasia Kobekina. One never knows what to expect from a world premiere but this turned out to tremendous. It’s not a cello concerto of the traditional style – divided into movements – but is in a series of sections, with the cello introducing each theme which is then taken up by the orchestra followed by another, and so on. The texture varies from tough and sinewy to soft and lyrical and the solo passages require great virtuosity, some thing Anastasia Kobekina definitely has.

The composition was apparently inspired by a set of landscapes by Norwegian artist Edvard Munch, so I suppose each section might relate to a particular painting. The sections are very varied, with one based on the theme of Dido’s Lament (When I am laid in Earth...) by Henry Purcell, another with very distinct echoes of Ravel, and another showing more than a nod to Philip Glass in its ostinato sections. At the end of the piece, which is about 25 minutes long, there were immediate cheers and a standing ovation, and the composer came on stage to receive the accolades. “Prediction is very difficult”, said Niels Bohr, “especially about the future”, but I think this work will quickly establish itself in the repertoire. I’d love to hear it again.

The concert would have been worth it just for that one piece, but after the interval we came back for the main course, The Symphony No. 3 in E♭ major (“Eroica”)  Ludwig van Beethoven. I’ve blogged about a number of different performances of different Beethoven symphonies over the years, so I’m quite surprised to discover that I’ve never written about this one. It’s hard to know what to say about it really,, except that it’s a magnificent work in its own right as well as being historically important. Before this one, which was published in 1806, symphonies (including not only Beethoven’s First and Second, but those of Mozart, Haydn and others) were much shorter (typically around 20 minutes) and much more constrained in form. This composition – which shares some elements with Mozart’s Symphony No. 39 and was apparently inspired by it – ushered in the era of the epic symphony that culminated with the likes of Mahler and Bruckner. The duration performance we heard last night was about 45 minutes. The first movement, in sonata form, is especially complex.

An interesting point about last night’s performance was the arrangement of the orchestra on stage. From the point of view of the Conductor, the first violins were on the far left (as usual), the cellos and basses were to the front and left, violas to the front and right, and second violins on the far right. I am not sure of the reason for this departure from tradition – second violins are usually adjacent to the firsts, with the cellos and basses on the right – but it was interesting how different it sounded compared to the usual layout.

This superb concert provided a great finish to a very tiring week. Thanks to the NCH for putting on such a wonderful programme. As an added bonus, the rain had stopped by the time it was over so I didn’t get drenched on my way home.