Archive for May, 2024

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Three New Publications at the Open Journal of Astrophysics

Posted in OJAp Papers, Open Access, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , , , , , , , on May 25, 2024 by telescoper

After a very busy and unusual week, it’s time to get back to normal with the usual  Saturday roundup of business at the  Open Journal of Astrophysics. If you want to know how many papers we have published so far this year (Vol. 7), the answer is 42. The total published by OJAp is now 157. We’re still on track to publish around 100 papers this year, possibly more, compared to last year’s 50.

All the members of this week’s trio are in the folder marked Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, and indeed all three relate in one way or another to the topic of weak gravitational lensing.  All three were published on Wednesday 22nd May 2024.

First one up is “Joint constraints from cosmic shear, galaxy-galaxy lensing and galaxy clustering: internal tension as an indicator of intrinsic alignment modelling error” which is by Simon Samuroff (Northeastern U., USA), Andresa Campos (Carnegie Mellon U., USA), Anna Porredon (Bochum, Germany) and Jonathan Blazek (Edinburgh, UK).   A combined statistical approach to the identification of errors arising in cosmic shear analysis due to intrinsic alignments.

Here is a screen grab of the overlay, which includes the abstract:

You can read the paper directly on arXiv here.

The second paper to present is “A unified linear intrinsic alignment model for elliptical and disc galaxies and the resulting ellipticity spectra” by Basundhara Ghosh (Bangalore, India), with Kai Nussbaumer, Eileen Sophie Giesel & Björn Malte Schäfer (Heidelberg, Germany). It presents a discussion of the physical origin of intrinsic alignments of both elliptical and disk galaxies and the implications for cosmological studies

The overlay looks like this:

 

You can read this paper directly on the arXiv here.

The last paper of this batch is entitled “Neural style transfer of weak lensing mass maps”  and proposes a generative model for the mass-production of weak-lensing maps. The authors are Masato Shirasaki and Shiro Ikeda (both of the University of Tokyo, Japan)

Here is a screengrab of the overlay:

 

To read the accepted version of this on the arXiv please go here.
That’s all for now. I will do another update next week.

 

 

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Searching for Luminous High-Redshift Galaxies with Euclid’s Early Release Observations

Posted in Euclid, The Universe and Stuff on May 24, 2024 by telescoper

As it’s Friday afternoon I thought I would share one of the little videos I mentioned in the previous post. It’s only just over a minute long but it is worth listening to, not least for the dulcet tones of Henry Joy McCracken as he explains the science.

The Euclid preprint related to this work can be found here.

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Euclid Paper Day!

Posted in Barcelona, Euclid, Maynooth, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , , , , , , , on May 24, 2024 by telescoper

This morning’s arXiv update brought the expected deluge of preprints from Euclid. You can find details of all fifteen of the new articles here. Ten of them relate to the Early Release Observations of which five were announced yesterday and five last November. These are essentially byproducts of the testing and calibration phase of the Euclid mission rather than the main cosmological survey. ESA is making a series of short videos about these results which I will share on here from time to time.

Of more direct relevance to cosmologists such as myself are the following five reference papers:

The overview paper, led by Yannick Mellier (Euclid Consortium Lead), giving a general description of the mission capabilities and science goals, will be the main reference paper and just about every active member of the Euclid Consortium is on the author list (including myself). That’s over a thousand people, not quite at the level of the Large Hadron Collider but getting there. I do think we need to find a better way of giving credit to work in large collaborations than through authorship, but until someone comes up with a workable scheme, and people responsible for hiring researchers adopt it, we’re stuck with what we’ve got. At least I can say that I’ve read that paper (which is 94 pages long, including the author list)

Papers II-IV are technical articles relating to Euclid’s instruments and their calibration, which will also be important references for the survey part of the Euclid mission. Paper V is about the Flagship simulations and the mock catalogues produced therefrom; I discussed these a while ago here. It is led by Francisco Castander of Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai, who organized the meeting I attended recently here in Barcelona.

These papers now now be peer-reviewed and, assuming they are accepted, published in a special issue of Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A).

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New Results from Euclid

Posted in Euclid, Maynooth, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , , , on May 23, 2024 by telescoper

As it was foretold, exciting new results from the European Space Agency’s Euclid mission have now been released.

You can read more about these images here.

Together with the five images released last November that makes a total of ten Early Release Observations from the pre-survey phase of Euclid. It’s not all about the pictures, however. Today also saw the release of ten scientific papers to go with these images, as well as five reference papers for the main survey. You can find them all, with accompanying information here. They will be announced on arXiv tomorrow.

You might also be interested to read my Euclid piece on RTÉ Brainstorm which has just appeared. This is not just about the new images, but gives an update on what Euclid has been up to since launch, and what we can expect in the future. There’s also a version adapted for Maynooth University PR purposes here. It includes this quote:

Today’s release of new data and technical papers from Euclid is exciting in itself but also marks the start, after months of painstaking calibration and testing of the instruments, of Euclid’s main cosmological survey. We are on the threshold of a new era in cosmology. Maynooth is the only University in Ireland to be involved in this mission and it is very exciting to be at the forefront of such an important scientific development.

I’m also quoted in a piece in the Irish Times. You’ll probably find the article blocked by a paywall but my bit is:

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Relativistic Hurling?

Posted in GAA with tags , , , on May 22, 2024 by telescoper

I was intrigued to see this graphic accompanying an article about hurling. Notice that the left hand side shows the field equations of Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity and some expressions to do with quantum mechanics. Hurling is indeed an extraordinary – and extraordinarily fast – sport but is the article implying that classical physics is inadequate to describe it? Perhaps it is implying that through hurling we will at last arrive at a Theory of Everything?

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Gearing up for Thursday’s Euclid News

Posted in Euclid, Maynooth, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , , , , , , on May 21, 2024 by telescoper

It’s a hectic time ahead of a Big Event on Thursday 23rd May, which will include the publication of five new Early Release Observations (EROs). I’m not at liberty to say what they are until after 12 noon (CEST) on Thursday except that they’re very pretty. You can watch the live stream here:

Including the five released on November 7th 2023 that will bring the total to ten. All the ERO pictures will be available on the ESA archive here.

Thursday will also see the release of ten scientific papers related to the EROs; they will appear on arXiv on Friday 24th May. These will be the first science results from the Euclid mission.

But that’s not all! Thursday will also see the publication of five papers from the Euclid Consortium (of which I am the sole member based in Ireland). These will be the principal technical reference papers aimed at the astronomical community about the Euclid mission, covering the instruments, cosmology and other astronomy science possibilities, as well as the cosmological simulations used to assist the analysis of the mission. One of these, the main overview paper for the mission, has over a thousand authors (one of whom is your truly).

Thursday’s announcements are likely to significant level of press interest. That’s not only due to the European Space Agency’s own social media feeds and the like, but also local activities in Ireland. For example, there’s this from Science Foundation Ireland using this, from the Little Book of Irish Research:

I have also written a piece for RTÉ Brainstorm, as a kind of update on the one I wrote last year on the occasion of the launch; this will go live after the embargo is lifted on Thursday.

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The English Premier League – Classification of Honours

Posted in Football with tags , , , on May 20, 2024 by telescoper

Now all the final results are in and validated, the Board can now proceed to the classification of Honours for the 2023/24 Premier League.

As Chair, I will remind you of the regulations as we go through. Fortunately, as was the case last year, matters are relatively straightforward.

FINAL TABLE

Three candidates (Manchester City, Arsenal, and Liverpool) have a final score greater than or equal to 70 and will therefore be awarded First Class Honours. All three can look forward to further study abroad in Europe next year. Manchester City win this year’s prize for getting the top marks as well as a special award for getting away with so many financial irregularities.

The next five candidates all have scores in the range 60-69 so they are all in the Upper Second Class, i.e. II.1, category though in the case of Newcastle United and Manchester United, only just. Aston Villa will be disappointed to have missed out on a First, but their mark of 68 is nevertheless enough to ensure they will be heading abroad next year along with the top three.

Tottenham and Chelsea (and perhaps Newcastle United) will also get to study abroad next year. Manchester Utd are taking an extra exam on Saturday and if they pass that will get to study abroad, in place of Newcastle.

Only one candidate is in the Lower Second Class (II.2) this year (West Ham), while the next six candidates all get clear Thirds, having marks in the range 40-49. The Board discussed whether to offer Crystal Palace a viva but in the end decided it couldn’t be bothered. Everton only just passed, with a mark of 40, after having points deducted for disciplinary reasons.

Brentford technically failed with a mark of 39 but can pass by compensation.  Nottingham Forest only just scraped through by compensation last year, and did even worse this year including having marks deducted for cheating but, having considered the extenuating circumstances, the Board has decided to allow them yet another go, although they do not qualify for Honours and must be content with being classified as “Ordinary”.

That leaves the three candidates at the bottom of the table – Luton Town, Burnley, and Sheffield United  – who are all “hard fails” . They  will have to terminate the course and consider their options. The Chair has agreed to meet with the Admissions Team to understand how Sheffield United was admitted to the course when they were so clearly under-qualified. Perhaps some form  of administrative error occurred?

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The Week(s) Ahead

Posted in Barcelona, Biographical, Euclid, Maynooth with tags , , , , on May 20, 2024 by telescoper

Today is a public holiday in Spain, as it is in much of Europe (including France, Germany, The Netherlands and Denmark). The occasion for the day off is Pentecost (or Whitsuntide as it is known in the UK) which, if I understand correctly, is when the Holy Spirit went down on the Apostles. Actually Pentecost (Whit Sunday) was yesterday, exactly 7 weeks after Easter Sunday, which was quite early this year which is why Pentecost Monday (20th May) is earlier than the fixed Bank Holidays used to mark it in the UK (the last Monday in May, 27th, next Monday) and Ireland (the first Monday of June, 3rd, in two weeks’ time). Could I perhaps take all three off?

Today’s holiday notwithstanding, this is going to be a busy week. On Wednesday and Thursday there is to be an event at the European Space Agency coincident with which, on Thursday 23rd May, there will be a significant press event relating to Euclid. I’m not at liberty to say any more at this point, as everything is strictly embargoed until 12 noon CEST on that day, but I have been writing a piece for RTÉ Brainstorm to come out as soon as the embargo is lifted. Hopefully the Communications team at Maynooth University will get involved in the press activity. Watch this space.

Remarkably for me, I filed the RTÉ Brainstorm piece ahead of the deadline but it’s no time to rest on my laurels because I have another paper to finish this week by a different deadline.

And next week will be busy too. I have to make a short trip to not-Barcelona to do a PhD examination in Newcastle upon Tyne and give a lecture in Oxford, where (so I’m told) there is a University of some sort. Then I have to pass through Maynooth to vote in the Local and European Elections before returning to Barcelona. Having another two Whit Monday holidays is looking like a good plan…

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Bullying and Harassment in Astronomy – The Report

Posted in Harassment Bullying etc, LGBTQ+ with tags , , , , , on May 19, 2024 by telescoper

As I advertised a few days ago, The Royal Astronomical Society has now released its report on Bullying and Harassment in Astronomy. You can download the full report (40 pages, PDF) here. I recommend you to read it as the statistics are stark. Here are a couple of graphical summaries from the RAS Website:

Note the greater prevalence of bullying and harassment directed towards LGBT astronomers.

The recommendations include the introduction of more effective bullying and harassment policies, procedures and safeguards to protect all colleagues, to support students, and to ensure that everyone can achieve their potential and work in a safe and satisfying environment, regardless of their background.

Noble sentiments, but the Royal Astronomical Society can do little itself to change policies, as it is not in the position of employer (except for its own staff in Burlington House) and there is no incentive for the universities and research institutions who employ most astronomers to comply. That will only happen if serious sanctions are imposed for mishandling bullying and harassment cases.

My view – born out by experience – is that it can’t be left to individual institutions to deal with this problem. In case after case, instead of dealing properly with bullying and harassment, senior managers have protected the perpetrators and silenced the victims. Reputation management, they call it. What is needed to start with is a system of independent adjudication, as recommended, for example, by the 21 Group.

This problem is neither confined to astronomy nor to the United Kingdom, and at least part of it is due to the ever-increasing cult of managerialism that places institutional branding ahead of positive workplace culture, paying at most lip-service to the latter.

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Three New Publications at the Open Journal of Astrophysics

Posted in OJAp Papers, Open Access, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , , , , , , , , on May 18, 2024 by telescoper

It’s time once more for the usual  Saturday roundup of business at the  Open Journal of Astrophysics. The latest batch of publications consists of three papers, taking the count in Volume 7 (2024) up to 39 and the total published by OJAp up to 154. We’re still on track to publish around 100 papers this year, compared to last year’s 50.

All three of this week’s papers involve use of data from the European Space Agency’s Gaia mission, which is proving an immensely rich resource for astrophysics.

First one up is “Asymmetric Drift Map of the Milky Way Disk Populations between 8 -16 kpc with LAMOST and Gaia datasets” which is by  Xin Li (Nanchong, China), Peng Yang (Chengdu, China) , Hai-Feng Wang (Nanchong, China), Qing Li (Jiangmen, China), Yang-Ping Luo (Nanchong, China), Zhi-Quan Luo (Nanchong, China), Guan-Yu Wang (Nanchong, China). This is a study  of the asymmetric drift, the difference of the local circular speed and the mean rotational speed of the stellar population, for various stellar populations in the Milky Way. It is in the folder marked Astrophysics of Galaxies and was published on Tuesday 14th May 2024.

Here is a screen grab of the overlay, which includes the abstract:

 

 

You can read the paper directly on arXiv here.

The second paper to announce is “On the formation of a 33 solar-mass black hole in a low-metallicity binary” by Kareem El-Badry (Caltech, USA). It discusses theoretical models for the formation of a black hole in a particular binary system discovered in Gaia data.

This one is in the folder Solar and Stellar Astrophysics and was published on 16th May 2024. The overlay looks like this:

 

 

You can read this paper directly on the arXiv here.

The last paper of this batch, also in the in the folder Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, is entitled “Compact Binary Formation in Open Star Clusters II: Difficulty of Gaia NS formation in low-mass star clusters”  and it presents a discussion of the formation of binary neutron stars and black holes found in Gaia data based on their orbital properties. It was published on Friday May 17th 2024 (i.e. yesterday). The authors are Ataru Tanikawa (Fukui University, Japan), Long Wang (Sun-yat Sen University, China) and  Michiko S. Fujii (Tokyo University, Japan).

Here is a screengrab of the overlay:

 

 

To read the accepted version of this on the arXiv please go here.
That’s all for now. Another update next week!

 

 

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