Archive for the Euclid Category

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How Euclid will map the Universe

Posted in Euclid, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , on August 10, 2023 by telescoper

Time for another nice little video explainer about Euclid. This one is largely about the role of large computer simulations (particularly the Flagship simulation) in preparing for (and in future in analyzing) the Euclid survey.

The full blurb accompanying the video is appended here:

ESA’s Euclid mission will create a 3D-map of the Universe that scientists will use to measure the properties of dark energy and dark matter and uncover the nature of these mysterious components. The map will contain a vast amount of data, it will cover more than a third of the sky and its third dimension will represent time spanning 10 billion years of cosmic history.

But dealing with the huge and detailed set of novel data that Euclid observations will produce is not an easy task. To prepare for this, scientists in the Euclid Consortium have developed one of the most accurate and comprehensive computer simulations of the large-scale structure of the Universe ever produced. They named this the Euclid Flagship simulation.

Running on large banks of advanced processors, computer simulations provide a unique laboratory to model the formation and evolution of large-scale structures in the Universe, such as galaxies, galaxy clusters, and the filamentary cosmic web they form. These state-of-the-art computational techniques allow astrophysicists to trace the motion and behavior of an extremely large number of dark-matter particles over cosmological volumes under the influence of their own gravitational pull. They replicate how and where galaxies form and grow, and are used to predict their distribution across the celestial sphere.

Explore the Euclid Flagship simulation in this video and get a sneak preview of the structure of the dark Universe, as we currently model it. New insights will be brought to you by the Euclid mission in the coming years.

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Euclid First Light Video

Posted in Euclid, The Universe and Stuff on August 1, 2023 by telescoper

Following on from yesterday’s post about the “first light” images from the European Space Agency’s Euclid mission, here is a little video highlighting the brilliant work done by the instrument teams over the last month .

P.S. You can find some Irish press coverage of the first light images here.

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“First Light” Images from Euclid

Posted in Euclid, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , , , , on July 31, 2023 by telescoper

As I promised a couple of days ago, the “first light” images from the European Space Agency’s Euclid mission have now been released. You can find all the details here, but a summary is that these are “engineering” images, rather than part of the full survey to be undertaken by Euclid, and the commissioning of the instruments is not quite finished, but the telescope is now in focus and both instruments (the visual instrument, VIS, and the Near-Infrared Spectrometer & Photometer, NISP) are working well enough to show some preliminary results.

Anyway, here are the pictures released today, first from VIS:

Euclid early commissioning test images, showing an image by the VIS instrument (visible light). The full focal plane of VIS consisting of 36 detectors is shown on the left, and one detector in higher resolution on the right. Credits: © ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO

The next one is from NISP:

Euclid early commissioning test images, showing an image by the NISP instrument (near-infrared light). The full focal plane of NISP consisting of 16 detectors is shown on the left, and part of one detector in higher resolution on the right. Credits: © ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO

This final one, also from NISP, shows it working in grism mode, which allows the light from sources to be dispersed into a spectrum, enabling us to get much more information about the sources galaxies than a straightforward image would. The resulting images look a bit strange to the untrained eye – as the light from a point is spread out into a streak – but the result is wonderfully rich in information:

Euclid early commissioning test images, showing an image by the NISP instrument (near-infrared light), in its grism slitless spectroscopy mode. The full focal plane of NISP consists of 16 detectors, here a part of one detector is shown in full resolution. Credits: © ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO

For more information – and some higher-resolution images – see the official Euclid press release here.

For myself, I’d just say these images are absolutely amazing given that they were taken during the commissioning phase and the instruments aren’t fully tweaked yet. Over the next few weeks, there will be a performance verification phase which will tell us how good Euclid will be at meeting its science goals. But so far it’s all looking very good indeed. I’ve only ever seen simulations of what would come out and it’s very exciting to see what the real thing looks like!

Hats off to the brilliant instrumentation experts who not only designed and built the kit but who have been working so hard on the commissioning. They’ve done so much in the month that has passed since the launch!

P.S. You can find here a nice explainer of some of the instrumental artefacts you might have spotted in the images above.

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Euclid has arrived…

Posted in Euclid, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , , on July 29, 2023 by telescoper

Here’s a little video update to accompany the news that, as of yesterday (28th July), the European Space Agency’s Euclid spacecraft has reached its orbit around L2, the second Lagrange Point of the Earth-Sun system:

More news is on the way. Commissioning of the instruments is now complete and the telescope is in focus. On Monday 31st July, ESA will release the first actual images from the Euclid telescope!

Stay tuned here.

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Euclid in Space!

Posted in Euclid, The Universe and Stuff on July 16, 2023 by telescoper

I saw this little movie on the ESA Update page for Euclid and couldn’t resist sharing it here. It’s a montage of images from the Canada-France Hawaii Telescope (CFHT); the object you see moving upwards in the centre of the frame is none other than the Euclid spacecraft, hurtling towards its destination at the 2nd Lagrange Point. You will see other moving objects. I’m not sure what they are but the field is in the ecliptic plane so they’re likely to be small solar system objects, probably asteroids.

Incidentally, people keep asking me for updates about Euclid. Although I am privy to the regular updates available to members of the Euclid Consortium, I am not allowed to publish anything on here that’s not already in the public domain nor would I want to, lest anyone think I would presume to speak on behalf of either ESA or the Euclid Consortium via the medium of a personal blog. You can follow the official updates here from people who actually understand everything that is going on!

I will just say that all the key steps so far – a critical orbit manoeuvre needed to get into the correct trajectory for L2, a temporary rotation of the spacecraft to allow it to heat up and to allow residual gas to evaporate, deployment of the high-gain antenna (essential to send data back to Earth), and the switching on of the two instruments (NISP and VIS) – have taken place in good order. There is however a long way to go before everything is tested, verified, calibrated and ready for action. It’s a very busy time for the engineers and instrumentalists; we just need to give them the time they need to work their technical magic!

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Astronomical Observatories on Indigenous Land

Posted in Euclid, Politics, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , , , , , , , on July 15, 2023 by telescoper

I’ve been meaning to post about for some time about the use of telescopes all around the world that reside in observatories on lands previously and/or presently occupied by indigenous peoples. The creation of these astronomical facilities has been accompanied by neglect (and sometimes violent displacement) of tribal communities native to the land on which they now stand. Though we exploit native lands for science, the astronomical community makes little reference to the people who are directly impacted by the advancement of astronomy through colonialism of this sort.

I know I’m not alone in thinking that, at the very least as a community we should do much more to acknowledge our use of astronomical facilities built on land that in many cases was basically “stolen” by colonial settlers. There was a talk about this issue at the recent Euclid Consortium Meeting in Copenhagen, and it came up at the National Astronomy Meeting in Cardiff in the context of the broad issue of the decolonization of astronomy.

Anyway, just for a start I have included here a small gallery of images of modern astronomical observatories of various kinds, with captions giving the names not of the observatory, but of the indigenous peoples upon whose land it is built:

Kānaka Maoli
Diaguita
Wallmapu, Chango
Wajari Yamaji
Quechua, Diaguita, Uru, Chichas, Lickananta
Diaguita
San, Khoi Khoi

There are many more than these, but hopefully you get the point. The question is: what to do about it?

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Maynooth in the News

Posted in Biographical, Euclid, Maynooth, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , on July 12, 2023 by telescoper

I was in a meeting this morning at which it was mentioned that the recent launch of the Euclid satellite has generated quite a lot of publicity in the news media for Maynooth University. There’s a piece in the Sunday Times (Ireland Edition), another in Silicon Republic, and an online feature for RTÉ Brainstorm as well as a radio segment on Morning Ireland and another on NewsTalk.

Maynooth University plugged these items in on the “Maynooth in the News” feed on its main webpage, along with many other items that show the University in a good light.

Conspicuous by its absence from that feed, however, is the biggest story surrounding Maynooth University in recent days, namely the appalling decision by the President to scrap elections to the Governing Authority of the University in favour of having representatives chosen only by the President. This is just one example of the increasingly intransigent and authoritarian management of the University. Can anyone justify the complete disenfranchisement of the staff of the University from the Governance of the university? Or that an Executive body should select the Board to which it is supposed to be accountable?

I know I’m not the only person employed by this University who thinks this decision is a terrible one – my Union, IFUT is strongly opposed- but it has been already been imposed and now we have no say. At least you can read about, e.g. here in the Times Higher.

One story you can’t read about however concerns the outcomes of Maynooth University’s “Staff Climate and Culture Survey” which was carried out in 2022 with the promise made to participants that results would be published in early 2023. No such results were ever communicated to staff and all mention of this survey has been wiped off the University’s web pages. I don’t know why this happened, but I venture to suggest that if the results had been good the Maynooth publicity team would not have hesitated to publish them.

Since the Management of Maynooth University has chosen to close off any internal channels by which academic and other staff can communicate their views, it seems that the only means of communication open to us is via the external media. Perhaps the Times Higher will run a story on the Curious Case of the Missing Staff Survey?

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Euclid Update

Posted in Euclid, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , on July 10, 2023 by telescoper

The Euclid spacecraft launched over a week ago so so here’s a short video explaining its trajectory and what it will do over the next weeks and months.

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Brainstorm Flash

Posted in Biographical, Euclid, Maynooth, The Universe and Stuff on July 6, 2023 by telescoper
Euclid being launched on a Falcon 9 rocket on 1st July 2023

The media activity surrounding the launch of Euclid on Saturday continues. Yesterday a piece by yours truly appeared on RTÉ Brainstorm with the title All you need to know about Euclid’s six year space mission. It subsequently got picked up by the main RTÉ News website on their News Lens panel, although it’s in second place after a story about a hot-dog eating competition:

P.S. There is also piece in siliconrepublic based on an interview with me here.

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Countdown to the Euclid Launch

Posted in Euclid, The Universe and Stuff with tags , , , on July 1, 2023 by telescoper

Today’s the day! Weather permitting, of course, all eyes will be on Cape Canaveral for the launch of the Euclid satellite later this afternoon (as reckoned in Ireland). You can watch the launch on YouTube via the following stream (but it won’t start until 15.30 Irish Time; 16.30 CEST):

The Key Events to look for in local time are:

16:12 Euclid launch on SpaceX Falcon 9
16:53 Separation of Euclid from Falcon 9
16:57 Earliest expected time to establish communication with Euclid

After that, the mission is handed over to the ESA Space Operations Centre in Darmstadt, Germany as it sets out for the Sun-Earth Lagrange point L2. Approximately four weeks after launch, Euclid will enter in orbit around this point, which is located at 1.5 million km from Earth, in the opposite direction from the Sun. Once in orbit, mission operators will start verifying all the functions of the telescope. During this, residual water is outgassed, after which Euclid’s instruments will be turned on. Between one and three months after launch, Euclid will go through several calibrations and scientific performance tests and get ready for science. The telescope begins its early phase of the survey of the Universe three months after launch. There will be a preliminary release of a small amount of data in December 2024, but the first full data release – DR1 – will take about two years.

UPDATE: All critical stages of the launch passed satisfactorily, and contact has been established with the ground control. Euclid is now on its way to L2. Bon Voyage, Euclid!

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