Last night I travelled into Dublin for another concert by National Symphony Orchestra Ireland, this time under the direction of guest conductor Julio García Vico in a programme of music heavy with French and Spanish influences.
The undoubted star of the show was classical guitarist Thibaut Garcia, who is French but has Spanish ancestry, who played theConcierto de Aranjuezby Joaquin Rodrigo. I’ve loved this piece for ages, and have several recordings of it, but although it’s been a familiar part of the concert repertoire ever since it was composed in 1939, I’ve never heard it played live. Last night’s performance was stunningly beautiful, one of those occasions on which it was a privilege just to be there. I loved the way he played the first movement Allegrocon Spirito with poise and precision but without a hint of punctiliousness. The famous second movement Adagio gives the soloist much more latitude for interpretation, and Garcia’s version was very different from others I’ve heard. The music here evokes a sense of nostalgia, which comes with both joy and melancholy. I think in too many performances melancholy has the upper hand, but last night we really felt the joy. The final movement, Allegro gentile, contains a playful series of call-and-answer sequences set against varied rhythmic backgrounds. I adored this performance.
I noticed while he was playing that Thibaut Garcia has hyperextensible thumbs (as do I) and, as I went to the bar for my interval drink, I found myself wondering whether having bendy thumbs was an advantage for playing classical guitar. You could have knocked me down with a feather when, as I was returning to my seat after the wine break, that the man himself was sitting in the seat right behind mine preparing to listen to the second half of the concert. I couldn’t resist telling him how much I enjoyed the performance and mentioned his thumbs. It must be very irksome for an artist when strange people intrude awkwardly like that, but he was absolutely charming. After a brief comparison of thumbs, I sat down and left him alone. I was too starstruck to ask him whether distal hyperextensibility is a plus when it comes to playing the guitar. Perhaps someone can offer an opinion through the comments?
Anyway, it would be remiss not to mention the rest of the programme, which contained a great of interest. The first piece, for example, Laniakea by Camille Pépin is inspired by our Local Supercluster of galaxies which astronomers have named Laniakea, an Hawaiian word meaning “immeasurable heaven”.
The programme after the interval contained energetic and colourful performances of music from the opera La Vida Breve by Manuel de Falla, the Capriccio Espagnol by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and, for the finale, the famous Bolero by Maurice Ravel. All these were played very well, but the first half was so wonderful that it was always going to be impossible for the second half to match it.
It’s time for another Saturday update of activity at the Open Journal of Astrophysics. Since the last update we have published a further four papers, bringing the number in Volume 9 (2026) to 249 and the total so far published by OJAp up to 697.
I continue to include the posts made on our Mastodon account (on Fediscience); these announcements also contain a clickable form of the DOI for each paper. Our Mastodon account has regular updates and other announcements from OJAp too, including posts from the OJAp blog.
The first paper this week was published on Tuesday 20th October in the folder Astrophysics of Galaxies. The title is “The Metallicity Distribution of the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy Segue 1” by Daisy Bissonette (U. Chicago, USA) and 8 others based in the USA, Australia and Canada. The article explains that new data on the metallicity of ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Segue 1 reveal a continuous, short-duration episode of star formation and chemical enrichment, confirming its classification as a galaxy.
The overlay for this one is here:
You can find the officially accepted version on arXiv here and the announcement on Fediverse here:
New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "The Metallicity Distribution of the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy Segue 1" by Daisy Bissonette (U. Chicago, USA) and 8 others based in the USA, Australia and Canada.
The second paper for this week, also published on Tuesday 20th October in the folder Astrophysics of Galaxies, “Ultraviolet diversity of Little Red Dots as a probe for direct-collapse black hole ages” by Elia Cenci & Melanie Habouzit (U. Geneva, Switzerland) and Dale D. Kocevski (Colby College, USA). This article uses simulations to explore UV emissions from galaxies hosting direct-collapse black holes (DCBHs), finding that these emissions evolve rapidly, reflecting changes in stellar mass and metal enrichment.
The overlay looks like this:
The official version of the paper can be found on arXiv here and the Fediverse announcement here:
New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "Ultraviolet diversity of Little Red Dots as a probe for direct-collapse black hole ages" by Elia Cenci & Melanie Habouzit (U. Geneva, Switzerland) and Dale D. Kocevski (Colby College, USA)
New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "Dark Energy Survey Year 6 Results: improved mitigation of spatially varying observational systematics with masking for the MagLim++ lens sample" by M. Rodríguez-Monroy (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain) and 65 others from around the world.
New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "Spectroscopic Binary Detection as Agent-Callable Tools: Detecting 40,000+ Main-Sequence Binary Candidates from SDSS DR19 APOGEE Spectra" by Serat Mahmud Saad and Yuan-Sen Ting (Ohio State University, USA).
That concludes this week’s update. I had anticipate that we’ll pass the 250 mark this week, but business has been slower than of late so we’ll have to wait until next week for that. It is noticeable that the arXiv submission process is slower now than it used to be, presumably because of the huge influx of AI slop that the moderators have to deal with.
Maynooth University Library Cat seems to have survived Storm Austen intact. In fact, all we experienced here in Maynooth was a moderate amount of overnight rain and a bit of a breeze.
He seems to spending a bit more time these days at the entrance to South Campus on Kilcock Road, where he is pictured here doing his ablutions. His more usual spot is off in the distance, on the left of the picture, past the Library. The Kilcock Rd entrance was picketed during last week’s industrial action, so perhaps he thinks we’re still on strike?
There’s a very important paper on arXiv by P.K.G. Williams (of the Harvard-Smithsoninan Center for Astrophysics) with title AI and the Enclosure of the Scientific Commons and abstract:
The scientific literature can be viewed as an “information commons”: an intangible resource that “no one owns and is shared by everyone.” There are well-established economic and political frameworks for understanding such commons, emerging from the history of agricultural common lands found in places like preindustrial England. This article provides a primer on the history and these frameworks, and considers a key difference between the information commons and the fields of yore: while information commons are robust and immensely valuable — some can be said to rank among humanity’s greatest achievements — the English agricultural commons no longer meaningfully exist. The latter are gone not because of the well-known “tragedy of the commons,” but rather a phenomenon known as the enclosure movement (~1600–1800) that transformed the common lands into private property. Many observers, then and now, judge enclosure to have been theft at a societal scale. This article argues that artificial intelligence (AI) provides precisely the tools needed to enable a previously-infeasible enclosure of the information commons. Although AI-enabled enclosure does not operate identically to physical enclosure, it shares the key features of turning the commons into private wealth and undermining the social systems that support them (via “slop spam”). The concepts presented in this article can provide a scholarly basis for interrogating the foreboding feeling that AI may represent not just a smash-and-grab, but an attack upon a whole way of life.
arXiv:2610.27251
The phrase “Enclosure of the Scientific Commons” is wonderfully apt. I wish I’d thought of it. The rest of the article is very good too and I urge you to read it.
P.S. I remember this little poem from school history lessons when we learnt about the enclosure of the common land in18th century England
The law locks up the man or woman Who steals the goose from off the common, But lets the greater felon loose Who steals the common from the goose.
The European Space Agency’s Euclid Mission is mapping the distribution of galaxies on large scales with the intention of finding out about the nature of dark matter and dark energy. Making such maps involves surveying large areas of the sky for a very long time and doing that makes it inevitable that something unexpected will crop up. That happened last month, between 16th and 24th September 2026, when the Euclid telescope accidentally discovered a comet.
Here is an image showing what Euclid was looking at when the comet intruded:
Here is is a comparison of frames showing the motion of the comet, which is easily identifiable by the large arrow pointing at it together with the word “comet”.
Picture Credit: ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA, M. Pöntinen et al. 2026
The serendipitous comet is named C/2026 S1 (Euclid) – and, before you ask, no it’s not an alien spacecraft.
A post on Bluesky got me thinking about the origin of the word “oyster”, which I shall bore you with shortly, but the post asks an interesting question about the well-known phrase “The World’s Mine Oyster”. This comes from Shakespeare’s The Merry Wives of Windsor and is spoken to Falstaff by Pistol, a swaggering soldier, in the line:
Why, then the world’s mine oyster, Which I with sword will open.
The meaning it has there is that Pistol thinks he can get whatever he wants by force of arms. In more modern usage, however, it is taken to mean that the speaker has everything on a plate. In modern usage it sometimes appears as “the world is your oyster” which means something like “take your pick”. At some point, it is claimed in the 20th Century, this meaning of this phrase changed. There’s a podcast about this here. How, where and why this happened I don’t know, and I don’t know who does. My usual source for information about things like this is the wonderful Brewer’s Dictionary of Phrase and Fable which has the phrase but sheds no light on its change of meaning. If you can shed light on this, please feel free to comment below through the box below.
Anyway, having had oysters in Ireland a few times – with Guinness, obviously- but not knowing the word in the Irish language, I looked it up: it is oisre. Interestingly close, I thought. So then I looked at the etymology of the English word oyster. This first appeared in Middle English via the Latin ostrea (and probably Norman French). The Latin word is derived from the Classical Greek ὄστρεον (ostreon), which is the origin of many words connected with bone, e.g. osteopath and ossuary. This is presumably because it was thought oyster shells were made of bone or at least bony in appearance.
Just for a laugh, here’s a mediaeval representation of an oyster from a Bestiary:
Incidentally, the Romans used ostrea for mussels as well as oysters. This reminds me of my first year at the Royal Grammar School in Newcastle when we had a history teacher whose name escapes me but whose initials – from and old school report I still have – were `BM’ and who possessed a strong Scottish accent. In the first year we learnt a little bit about the Roman invasion of Britain. BM explained that one of the reasons the Romans came to Britain was that they were looking for “perils”. Although confused, I wrote that down unquestioningly in my exercise book. After the lesson was over I asked a classmate about it and he told me the teacher had meant “pearls”. These were very prized in Rome, and there was a rumour circulating there that they were abundant in Britain. But not in oysters. Freshwater mussels were the source of the perils pearls. I guess the Romans used the same word anyway.
Meanwhile, back at the oysters, I find that the Old English (Anglo-Saxon) word is ostre. This might itself have been borrowed from the Latin, but we know that the ancient Britons were eating oysters long before the Romans arrived. In fact, there are shell middens dating back to the mesolithic period. It seemed to me quite possible, therefore, that the word oyster may predate Classical Latin, and even Greek. The similarity of the Gaelic and Anglo-Saxon words may be because they are both linked to Latin, but look at the word for oyster in other languages, German: Auster, Danish østers, Polish: ostryga, etc. Like words for many things with which Europeans have been familiar with for a very long time indeed, could this one have a proto-Indo-European root? I recently read a fascinating book about this and was captivated by the idea of some of our ancient ancestors, thousands of years ago, eating oysters and using a very similar word to describe them.
It seems it does, but the common ancestor is a word not meaning “oyster” directly but “bone”. The Sanskrit word for “bone” is अस्थि (ásthi), which convinces me of its Indo-European origins. It was perhaps the Greeks, or their ancestors, who first adapted this word to refer to an oyster as a “bony thing”.
The number of papers being submitted to the Open Journal of Astrophysics continues to rise, as demonstrated by the following graphic which shows the stats for new submissions for the last five years:
It’s very clear that the thicket is getting thicker and thicker as times goes on! The increasing number of articles is of course very welcome indeed, but it is increasing the load on our Editorial Board and that includes me! I think it’s time once again to look for more volunteers to join the team, in any area of astrophysics. As a reminder, here are the areas we cover, corresponding to the sections of astro-ph on the arXiv:
astro-ph.GA – Astrophysics of Galaxies. Phenomena pertaining to galaxies or the Milky Way. Star clusters, HII regions and planetary nebulae, the interstellar medium, atomic and molecular clouds, dust. Stellar populations. Galactic structure, formation, dynamics. Galactic nuclei, bulges, disks, halo. Active Galactic Nuclei, supermassive black holes, quasars. Gravitational lens systems. The Milky Way and its contents
astro-ph.CO – Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics. Phenomenology of early universe, cosmic microwave background, cosmological parameters, primordial element abundances, extragalactic distance scale, large-scale structure of the universe. Groups, superclusters, voids, intergalactic medium. Particle astrophysics: dark energy, dark matter, baryogenesis, leptogenesis, inflationary models, reheating, monopoles, WIMPs, cosmic strings, primordial black holes, cosmological gravitational radiation
astro-ph.EP – Earth and Planetary Astrophysics. Interplanetary medium, planetary physics, planetary astrobiology, extrasolar planets, comets, asteroids, meteorites. Structure and formation of the solar system
astro-ph.HE – High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena. Cosmic ray production, acceleration, propagation, detection. Gamma ray astronomy and bursts, X-rays, charged particles, supernovae and other explosive phenomena, stellar remnants and accretion systems, jets, microquasars, neutron stars, pulsars, black holes
astro-ph.IM – Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics. Detector and telescope design, experiment proposals. Laboratory Astrophysics. Methods for data analysis, statistical methods. Software, database design
astro-ph.SR. – Solar and Stellar Astrophysics. White dwarfs, brown dwarfs, cataclysmic variables. Star formation and protostellar systems, stellar astrobiology, binary and multiple systems of stars, stellar evolution and structure, coronas. Central stars of planetary nebulae. Helioseismology, solar neutrinos, production and detection of gravitational radiation from stellar systems.
We are looking for experienced scientists in any of these areas, and it would be useful to have people who can cover a range of subjects (as some of our existing editors do). As I mentioned here, our most popular area is 1 (Astrophysics of Galaxies) but 2 (Cosmology and NonGalactic Astrophysics) is running it a close second. While I would welcome offers from people with expertise in either of those fields, Editors in any of the other areas listed above would be welcome additions. Since we don’t charge authors or readers we can not offer payment to Editors but it is nevertheless a way of providing a service to the community.
If you’re interested, please get in touch either through the Open Journal website here, or through a message Mastodon here, BlueSky here, or LinkedIn here.
Peter Coles Editor-in-Chief Open Journal of Astrophysics
I ordered this book from our local bookshop a while ago but have only just found time to finish reading it. It’s an analysis of the decline of the neoliberal model of the university accompanied by the rise of commercialisation, managerialism and authoritarian models of governance. At 165 pages, not counting the notes and references, it’s a concise and compelling polemic, full of controlled anger and sprinkled with sardonic wit.
The problem I have in reviewing it is that almost every page contains something that rings so true that I’d want to include a quote. There wouldn’t be any point in doing that as I’d end up quoting almost the entire book, so I decided just to include one excerpt, part of a paragraph in the introduction:
Impersonal and unforgiving management hierarchies have supplanted academic judgement, collegiality and professional common sense. in many institutions, senior executives have no PhDs and have been trained in business or the military instead. Mindless performance targets dominate teaching and research to the point of caricature, designed by functionaries who’ve never taught a class or written a research article in their lives. Unfortunately, these hierarchies have become notoriously bossy. Coercion rather than volition compels much academic labour today, even tasks that scholars would have otherwise done willingly because it’s central to their vocation. This surfeit of duress, most of which is unnecessary and counterproductive, is a defining feature of the corporate university.
The book charts the rise of this fanatical managerialism, the consequent fall of academic institutions as places of education, scholarship and research, and their replacement by soulless teaching factories. I’ve been an academic for almost forty years and I’ve seen this process unfold in real time. As I approach retirement, I deeply regret that I didn’t do more to stop it.
Dark Academia was written around the time of the Covid-19 pandemic and published in 2021 so it does not cover the dreadful collapse of higher education in the UK since then. The author does make some presciently pessimistic comments, but the reality has turned out to be far worse than he imagined.
My own experience of the pandemic here in Maynooth illustrates what went on to a greater or lesser extent throughout the university system, namely that it was seen by Management as an opporunity to strengthen its grip. Staff workloads went through the roof as under-resourced departments struggled to deliver adequate teaching. Seeing that we were on our knees, the powers that be decided it was an ideal opportunity to kick us in the teeth. Witholding replacement positions for two lecturers who left at this time, showed a callous disregard for staff morale and student education alike. Needless to say, the person responsible was promoted.
Since the end of the pandemic, the Management of Maynooth University has been led frog-marched down the path towards Dark Academia. The past few years have been a jamboree for senior administrators, with the creation of umpteen new Vice-Presidents on high salaries and extensive perks, such €500,000 on a luxury chauffeur service and €1M. This profligate expenditure on management bloat has been accompanied by austerity everywhere else, especially for teaching and research. This new configuration of the University is clearly unsustainable. The only question is whether anything can be salvaged from the wreckage when it crashes.
The term The University used to have a collective meaning, referring to all staff and students, not just the leadership, but now it simply means The University Management. For example, it was rumbled last year that Maynooth University had paid €47,000 tax on the President’s behalf. The President eventually paid the bill and an anonymous spokesperson said “The University now considers this matter resolved”. I know I’m not the only person working at Maynooth who doesn’t consider it “resolved”: for one thing, I’d like to know who made the decision to pay the President’s tax bill in the first place; and for another I’d like to know who issued the statement that it was “resolved”. I mention this episode because it exemplifies a phrase used by Peter Fleming at the end of his book. Academics used to be able to say that that they worked “in” a university. Not any more we don’t. We work “under” a university.
I’m not very optimistic that academia can change for the better – I think it’s too far gone – but this book at least identifies most of what is wrong. Perhaps, if enough of us read it, we can start trying to reverse the decline.
Following Wednesday’s successful one-day stoppage, there were meetings of union members yesterday (Friday) to set up roster’s and make other preparations for similar industrial action on Wednesday 21st October. On Friday evening, however, a message was sent round indicating that next week’s strike action had been suspended on the grounds that a process had been agreed to construct a process for formal pay talks. That announcement made it onto the news last night.
It is of course a good thing that the Government that has decided to move, but it is important to realize that this is not a victory. Nothing has been agreed, and the mandate achieved via balloting is still in place, so the industrial action is suspended rather than cancelled. Unions that were previously working to rule will continue to do so.
Given the antics of the Government over the last few weeks, there isn’t much trust or goodwill going around so they will have to work to restore what they have damaged. There’s more than a suspicion that the Government might just be trying to kick this issue into the long grass (again). Let’s hope that’s not the case, and the negotiators can quickly come up with a deal that is acceptable to union members. If they can’t, we’ll go back to industrial action. One thing the strikes definitely did achieve was to encourage more employees to join a union and build common cause with those who were already members.
We should have been at this point more than six months ago, and I doubt the reason it didn’t was simply sloth (although there’s a lot of that about in Government circles these days). It’s more likely that the Minister for Public Expenditure was posing as a strong man to further his own political ambitions. The Taoiseach himself intervened to set up the process now in place. I don’t know what persuaded him to get involved. The strikes on Wednesday were solid, for one thing, but I suspect of greater importance was the high-level of public support for the strikers. Jack Chambers seemed to be trying to deploy the usual divide-and-conquer approach favoured by his ilk by setting the public against the strikers, but that didn’t work, and without a Plan B he was floundering.
It is uncertain what will happen in the longer term, but next Wednesday’s lectures will go ahead.
It’s Saturday again, so it’s time for another update of activity at the Open Journal of Astrophysics. Since the last update we have published a further eight papers, bringing the number in Volume 9 (2026) to 245 and the total so far published by OJAp up to 693. There was no arXiv update on Monday 12th October owing to a US holiday, and I was on strike on Wednesday 14th October, so there were no papers published on either 13th or 14th October.
I continue to include the posts made on our Mastodon account (on Fediscience); these announcements also contain a clickable form of the DOI for each paper. Our Mastodon account has regular updates and other announcements from OJAp too, including posts from the OJAp blog.
New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "Search for Gamma-ray emission from Abell 119 galaxy cluster using INTEGRAL/ISGRI, COMPTEL, and DAMPE data" by Siddhant Manna & Shantanu Desai (IIT Hyderabad Kandi, India)
New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "Fast Astronomical Transients in Archival Photographic Plates: Using optical aberrations as a tool for discerning real images, from plate artifacts" by Ivo Busko (Independent Researcher)
New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics "Differentiable Optics with dLux II: Optical Design Maximising Fisher Information" by Louis Desdoigts (Leiden Obs., NL), Benjamin Pope (Macquarie U., AU), Michael Gully-Santiago (U. Texas Austin, USA) & Peter Tuthill (U. Sydney, AU)
The fourth new article of the week, also published on Thursday 15th October, in the folder Astrophysics of Galaxies is “The Lumina Project: Intergalactic Clumping and Recombination Sinks” by Ali Sadain (U. Texas Dallas, USA) and 12 others based in the USA, S. Korea and Germany. The study uses simulations to examine the uneven recombination rates during the Epoch of Reionization, finding a universal clumping evolution and discrepancies in recombination rates due to photoheating.
The overlay is here:
The official version of the paper can be found on arXiv here and the Fediverse announcement here:
New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "The Lumina Project: Intergalactic Clumping and Recombination Sinks" by Ali Sadain (U. Texas Dallas, USA) and 12 others based in the USA, S. Korea and Germany.
Paper Number Five for the week is “Blast.jl: Differentiable Non-Limber Power Spectra for Joint Clustering, Shear, and CMB lensing Analyses” by Sofia Chiarenza (U. Waterloo, Canada) and 6 others based in Canada, Italy, France and USA. This study, which is in the folder Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, presents an enhanced version of Blast.jl, a toolkit for computing non-Limber angular power spectra, incorporating various cosmological effects. Despite increased complexity, it maintains efficiency and supports gradient-based inference. It was also published on Thursday 15th October.
The overlay is here:
The officially-accepted version of the paper can be found on arXiv here and the Fediverse announcement here:
New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "Blast.jl: Differentiable Non-Limber Power Spectra for Joint Clustering, Shear, and CMB lensing Analyses" by Sofia Chiarenza (U. Waterloo, Canada) and 6 others based in Canada, Italy, France and USA.
Sixth one up is “EMU detection of mysterious multiple component radio-continuum emission from nearby spiral Seyfert I type galaxy ‘Sand-timer’ (NGC 7213)” by Miroslav Filipović (Western Sydney U., Australia) and an international cast of 26 others. The observations presented in this paper reveal peculiar emissions and previously undetected features in the ‘Sand-timer’ galaxy NGC 7213, possibly due to black hole activity or a tidal disruption event.
The overlay is here:
The officially-accepted version of this paper is on arXiv here and the Mastodon announcement on the fediverse here:
New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "Blast.jl: Differentiable Non-Limber Power Spectra for Joint Clustering, Shear, and CMB lensing Analyses" by Sofia Chiarenza (U. Waterloo, Canada) and 6 others based in Canada, Italy, France and USA.
The seventh paper of the week is “pynucastro 3: A community library for nuclear astrophysics” by Zhi Chen (Stony Brook U., USA) and 10 others, all based in the USA. This was published on Friday 16th October, i.e. yesterday, in the folder Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics. This article announces the latest release of pynucastro, a python library for nuclear astrophysics, includes new rate approximations, a stellar equation of state, StarLib support, and network exploration tools.
The overlay is here:
The officially accepted version is on arXiv here and the Mastodon announcement here:
New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "pynucastro 3: A community library for nuclear astrophysics" by Zhi Chen (Stony Brook U., USA) and 10 others, all based in the USA.
The eighth, and last, of the new papers for this week is “A Deep Look at the Ultra-Faint Milky Way Satellite Virgo III with Rubin Observatory Data Preview 2” by Aashay Pai (U. Chicago, USA) and 12 others based in the USA. This study uses data from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory to analyze the ultra-faint Milky Way satellite, Virgo III, confirming Virgo III’s properties as an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy.
The overlay is here:
The final version of this paper is on the arXiv here and the Mastodon announcement here:
New Publication at the Open Journal of Astrophysics: "A Deep Look at the Ultra-Faint Milky Way Satellite Virgo III with Rubin Observatory Data Preview 2" by Aashay Pai (U. Chicago, USA) and 12 others based in the USA.
That concludes this week’s update. I anticipate that we’ll pass the 250 mark for 2026 next week, which means we’re well on target to publish over 300 papers and reach the 750 mark by the end of the year. I’ll do another update next weekend.
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